glomerular disease pathology Flashcards
What aspect of the arterioles prevents large blood pressures reaching the delicate blood vessels in the glomerulus
They contain smooth muscle in their walls
What is the glomerulus
A bag of capillaries sitting in between two arterioles
What is a podocyte
glomerular epithelial cell
What cells always lines capillaries
endothelial cells
How does blood enter the glomerulus
The afferent arteriole
What proteins are not filtered by the glomerulus
All proteins equal to or larger than albumin will not be filtered
What are the 3 layers of the glomerular membrane
Endothelium
Basal lamina
Podocyte foot processes
What are mesangial cells
‘Tree like’ group of cells which support capillaries
Where do the unfiltered substances go
Some fluid, albumin and larger proteins exit the through the efferent arteriole
Where does the efferent arteriole carry blood to
capillaries which are around the tubule
What is glomerulonephritis
Disease of the kidneys
What are the two categories of glomerulonephritis
Immunoglobulin deposition nephritis or non immunoglobulin nephritis
What are the 4 common presentations for glomerulonephritis
Haematuria
Heavy proteinuria
Slowly increasing proteinuria
Acute renal failure
What are the main causes of haematuria
UTI - most common cause
Urinary tract stone (calculi)
Urinary tract tumour
Glomeluonephritis can cause haematuria but it is less common then the other options
What can deposits of IgA cause
Increased IgA deposits causes increased proliferation of mesangial cells