Urinary Elimination Flashcards
What influence do the kidneys have on urination?
-filter blood
-normal urine output is 1200-1600mL /24 hours
-<30mL/hr x2 hours is renal alteration
-if you decrease blood flow to kidneys this will decrease urinary output
How much urine does the bladder hold?
about 500mL
How long is the female urethra?
4cm long
How long is the male urethra?
about 20cm long
What is renal colic?
severe sudden flank pain secondary to obstruction of the urinary tract usually by a kidney stone– caused by the peristaltic waves of the ureters trying to move the obstruction
What is the specific gravity of urine?
1.01-1.025
What is the average pH of urine?
6
What is specific gravity?
the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, the higher the number the more concentrated/dehydrated
Define anuria
no urine production
Define oliguria
small amount of urine production (<30mL/hour)
Define polyuria/diuresis
excessive urine production and output (>2000mL/day)
What can cause glucose in the urine?
normal for adults to excrete some small amounts but a high amount can indicate a problem with either the kidneys or blood sugar
What can cause ketones in the urine?
ketones are a by product of fat metabolism and can be a sign of diabetes
What can cause protein in the urine?
leaky glomerulonephritis can allow proteins to escape (usually too big), low levels are normal and large amounts can indicate kidney problems
What can cause nitrites in the urine?
most commonly means there’s a bacterial infection in your urinary tract
What can cause bilirubin in the urine?
can indicate liver damage or disease
What can cause leukocytes in the urine?
infection
What can cause bacteria in the urine?
infection
What can cause blood in the urine?
may be a sign of UTI, kidney damage, infection, kidney or bladder stones, kidney or bladder cancer, or blood disorders
Define acute urinary retention
total inability to pass urine via micturition (urination)– can be a medical emergency
Define chronic urinary retention
incomplete bladder emptying despite urination
Describe routine urinalysis
-requires a clean voided specimen without stool or toilet paper
-can be collected in hat, urinal, or container
-ideal to obtain 30-60mL
Describe midstream urine collection
-ordered to determine the presence and type of mircoorganisms and their sensitivity to which antibiotics
-client needs to wash and dry genitals beforehand with soap and water or antiseptic to clean meatus
-place during stream to catch sample
-sample needs to be sent to lab immediately or be refrigerated
-5-10mL
How is a Coude catheter different from a regular one?
it has a curved tip and is stiff to enable maneuvering around enlarged prostate
