Urinary disorders in Ruminants (Reuss) Flashcards
1
Q
Acute Tubular Necrosis
A
- Vasomotor nephropathy
- septic mastitis
- antimicrobials
- aminoglycosides, Tetracycline, ionophores
- NSAIDS
- Metals
- arsenic, mercury, lead, zinc
- Vitamin D
- Cestrum diurnum
- Cholecalciferol rodenticides
- Ethylene glycol
2
Q
Aminoglycosides and ruminants
A
- voluntary withdrawel
- should not use
3
Q
Phenylbutazone in lactating dairy cows
A
- ILLEGAL, DO NOT USE
4
Q
Acute Kidney Injury
Hemoglobinuria
A
- Post-parturient hemoglobinuria
- older diary cows (5-8 yrs old)
- 1-4 weeks post-partum
- low intracellular P
- Copper toxicity
- sheep
- Bacillary Hemoglobinuria
- clostridium novyi type D
- die quickly so may not see the pigmented urine
- Water intoxication
- Salt poisoning
- Selenium deficiency
5
Q
Acute Kidney Injury
Myoglobinuria
A
- White muscle disease
- vitamin E, Se deficiency
- small ruminants susceptible
- Cassia occidentalis (Wild Coffee)
- common in FL and TX
6
Q
Acute Kidney injury
Oak Toxicity
A
- Green leaves, acorns
- Tannins hydrolyzed in rumen
- Gallic acid, pyrogallots
- Toxic to renal tubules
- GI ulceration
- Constipation, melena, weight loss
- Clin path:
- azotemia, proteinuria, glucosuria
- Necropsy:
- Ascites, hydropericardium, hydrothorax
- TX
- supportive, prevention
*sheep and goats have Tanninase in rumen => not affected
7
Q
Acute Kidney Injury
Pigweek toxicity
A
- Oxalates chelate calcium
- CS
- cattle and swine 5-10 days after turnout
- weakness, tremors, ataxia, recumbency
- Labwork
- Azotemia, proteinuria, hyperkalemia
- Necropsy
- perirenal edema, ascites
- 75-100% mortality once CS appear
8
Q
Acute Kidney Injury
Leptospira interrogans
A
- Serovars hardjo, pomona, grippotyphosa
- Pathophysiology
- Renal vascular endothelial damage
- Hypoxia
- Hemoglobinuria
- Interstitial nephritis
- Young animals, exposure to stagnant water
- Fever, abortion, mastitis, meningitis
- DX
- paired titers
- urine PCR, fluorescent antibody, dark field microscopy
- TX
- penicillin, ampicillin, ceftiofur
- avoid oxytetracycline
- Vaccinate
- 5-way killed whole-cell vaccines
9
Q
Acute Kidney Injury
CS
Clin Path
TX
A
- Clinical signs
- Oliguria, polyuria
- Anorexia, diarrhea, bloat, muscle weakness
- epistaxis, ammonia breath
- bitter milk
- Clin path
- azotemia
- hypoNa, hypoCl
- hypoCa, hyperP, hyperMg
- isosthenuria, proteinuria
- TX
- fluids - IV or enteral
10
Q
Amyloidosis
A
- result of inflammatory disease
- serum amyloid A
- deposition in kidney, GI, liver, adrenal
- disrupts glomerulus
- PLN
- Diarrhea, weight loss, edema
- severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia
- renal or pulmonary thrombosis
- BX-definitive diagnosis
11
Q
Glomerulonephritis
A
- Acute
- pregnancy toxemia in small ruminants
- Chronic
- immune-mediatied: BVD, hog cholera, African swine fever
- inherited in Finnish Landrace lambs
- Poor productivity, diarrhea, edema
- Proteinuria
*Hog cholera and swine fever REPORTABLE
12
Q
Pyelonephritis
Etiologies
A
- Corynebacterium renale
- contagious in cattle, host-adapted
- Transmission
- direct, venereal, iatrogenic
- Subclinical carriers possible
- herd implications
- E. coli enterics
- ascending UTIs
- gram neg enterics
- C. pseudotuberculosis, A. pyogenes, Salmonella, Staph. aureus
- hematogenous
13
Q
Pyelonephritis
CS
A
- Colic, arched back, treading, tail swishing
- fever, depression, inappetance, dec milk yield
- blood, pus, crystals on vulva
14
Q
Pyelonephritis
DX
A
- enlarged, painful kidney, loss of lobulation
- inc white count, fibrinogen, globulin
- +/- azotemia
- hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria, leukocyte casts
- culture
15
Q
Pyelonephritis
TX
A
- G+: Penicillin (herd outbreak)
- C. renale
- G-: ceftiofur
- individual animals effected
- TX for > 3 weeks IM injections
- Quarantine infected animals
