Urinary cytopathology Flashcards
1
Q
Features in in situ tumours
A
- numerous single abnormal cells
- elarged, hyperchromic, & irreg. outlined nuckei
- Prominent nucleoli
- Clean background
2
Q
TURBT in lab
A
.
3
Q
when you see papillary structures, what do you need before you diagnose it as HGUC?
A
Check clinical history it’s from instrumentations
4
Q
HGUC negative (/ reactive cells)
A
- reactive changes due to calculi
- clusters in intstrumented urine
- Polyoma virus (decoy cells)
- Superficial umbrella cells
- Ileal conduit
- seminal vesicle cells
- treatment effect
- (non-urothelial tumour)
5
Q
diff. b/w acute & chronic radiation changes
A
.
6
Q
e.GFR measures…
A
kidney function
7
Q
Causes of urothelial carcinoma
A
- smoking
- parasitic infections (e.g. Schistosoma haemotobium)
- Chemicals: napthlene
- Genetics
8
Q
Types of samples collected for cytological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma
A
- Voided urine
- Catheritised samples
- Ileal conduit: for patients w/ bladder removed & replaced by ileum tube = intestinal contamination
- Bladder washings
9
Q
How are samples prepared in the lab for microscopy? (urothelial Ca)
A
- cytocentrifuge: spin = push cells on slide
- Hologic: thin prep
- Smear
10
Q
Why is urine cytology a useful test for diagnosing urothelial disease?
A
.
