Terminology

Question 1

menorrhagia

Answer 1

contact/heavy bleeding

Question 2

amenorrhoea

Answer 2

abnormal absense of menstruation

Question 3

dysmenhorrhoea

Answer 3

painful periods

Question 4

Parakeratosis vs Dyskeratosis

Answer 4

• parakeratosis: nuclei in keratinised cell

- Dyskeratosis: abnormal premature keratinisation in cells

Question 5

HSIL vs LSIL

Answer 5

HSIL: high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
LSIL: Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Question 6

pleomorphic

Answer 6

no 2 nuclei are the same

Question 7

euchromatin vs heterochromatin

Answer 7

• euchromatin: hypochromatic / pale nuclei

- heterochromatin: hyperchromatic /dark nuclei

Question 8

vescicular (nucleus)

Answer 8

fine chromatin, evenly distributed in intermediate cells

Question 9

navicular (nucleus)

Answer 9

nucleus of intermediate cells during pregnancy

Question 10

leuoplakia

Answer 10

hyperkaraosis

Question 11

palisaded

Answer 11

picket fence arrangement

Question 12

Inflammation & Accute vs chronic inflammation

Answer 12

Inflammation: inc. permeability of BV & infiltration of inflammatory cells
A: neutrophil & polymorphonuclear lymphocytes
C: macrophages, lymphocytes, histiocytes & plasma cells

Question 13

dyspnea

Answer 13

SOB

Question 14

anaplasia

Answer 14

loss of cell differentiation

Question 15

hemisection

Answer 15

(an organ) is divided into 2 equal parts

Question 16

malaise & lassitude

Answer 16

lack of energy, xtreme tiredness

Question 17

cachexia

Answer 17

xtreme weight loss & muscle loss

Question 18

thoracotomy

Answer 18

surgery to open chest

Question 19

inspissated secretion

Answer 19

thickened mucus due to dehydration

Question 20

polychromatic stain

Answer 20

use multiple dyes to stain different components of a cell (a different colour)

Question 21

histiocytosis

Answer 21

syndrome- abnormal inc. of histiocytes (mono, macro, DC)

Question 22

Definition of atypical urothelial cells (AUC)

Answer 22

mild-mod cytological atypia that falls short of SHGUC category

Question 23

flank

Answer 23

side of the torso below ribs

Question 24

tenesmus

Answer 24

cramping rectal pain

Question 25

coronal section

Answer 25

divide front & back (ant. & post)

Question 26

friable

Answer 26

corroded appearance, easily crumbled

Question 27

hypertension nephropathy

Answer 27

high blood pressure = damage = kidney disease

Question 28

Microabscess

Answer 28

very small, localised collection of pus

Question 29

hyalinosis

Answer 29

hyaline degeneration

Question 30

syncytia

Answer 30

can’t find border of cells when cells clumped up

Question 31

diagnostic cytopathology

Answer 31

interpret cellular changes related to benign, inflammatory & neoplastic cond.
examine individual cells for diagnosis of disease

Question 32

atrophic smear

Answer 32

smear seen in sample collected from post-menopausal women (predominantly parabasal)