Urinary Calculi Flashcards
How is nephrolithiasis defined?
kidney stones
How is ureterolithiasis defined?
ureter stones
How is urolithiasis defined?
bladder stones
What causes calcium stones?
from too much or too little calcium in the urine & blood
What causes uric acid stones?
What is an example?
too much uric acid in the urine
ex: gout
What is an example of struvite stones?
chronic UTIs
What is an example of cystine stones?
genetic disorders
Which types of urinary calculi are the most common & very rare?
calcium stones
cystine stones
What are the 3 medical conditions that are risk factors for urinary calculi?
Urinary stasis
Gout
Repeated/Chronic UTIs
Which 2 electrolytes increase the risk of calcium stones?
calcium & sodium
Excess intake of protein increases the risk of what two types of stones?
uric acid & cystine stones
Excess intake of sugar increases the risk of what stone?
struvite stones
What 3 characteristics describe the type of urinary symptoms we would see if someone had stones?
hematuria
oliguria
dysuria
What is the CVA tenderness technique used for concerning stones?
percussion technique that causes intense pain when a kidney stone is present.
Which primary diagnostic exam is used to diagnose stones?
CT scan of the kidney
Where is renal colic felt that is seen in stones?
flank pain in the abdomen that can extend in the genital area
Which urinary symptom is the most concerning when a patient has stones? What can it lead to?
oliguria
can lead to hydronephrosis
What do thiazide diuretics help treat?
calcium stones
What does allopurinol help with?
prevent uric acid stones
What do antibiotics help with?
prevent struvite stones
What do our alpha 1 blockers help with?
help widen the ureters
What 2 foods should a patient avoid to help prevent stones?
oxalate & uric acid/purine
What are 4 foods that are high in oxalate?
asparagus
spinach
potatoes
nuts
What are 2 foods high in uric acid/purine?
seafood
fruits
