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Anatomy > Urinary and Reproductive System > Flashcards

Urinary and Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

component of urinary system

A

kidneys- filter and excrete waste products from the blood
ureter- transport urine
urinary bladder- reservoir
urethra- channel to the exterior

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2
Q

functions of the urinary system

A

stabilising blood pH
conserve valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine
regulate blood plasma concentrations of Na,K,Cl and other ions
adjust volume and pressure of blood
remove blood and toxins from the bloodstream

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3
Q

kidney shape and colour

A

bean shaped
reddish brown colour

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4
Q

anatomical position of kidneys

A

in retroperitoneal position
between muscles of the posterior body wall and parietal peritoneum
they occupy the epigastric, hypochondriac, lumbar and umbilical regions

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5
Q

what is the position of kidneys maintained by

A

overlying peritoneum
adjacent visceral organs
supporting connective tissues

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6
Q

connective tissues supporting the kidney

A

renal capsule
perirenal fat
renal fascia
pararenal fat

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7
Q

fibrous capsule/ renal capsule

A

layer of collagen fibres
covers the outer surface of the kidney
projects collagen fibres through the perinephric fat to the renal fascia

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8
Q

perinephric fat/ perirenal fat

A

thick layer of adipose tissue
covers the renal capsule
shock absorber and protects the kidneys from trauma

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9
Q

renal fascia

A

2 layers
anchors the kidney to the surrounding organs

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10
Q

pararenal fat

A

lies external to the fascia
part of retroperitoneal fat

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11
Q

internal structure of kidneys

A

fibrous capsule
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal papilla
renal pyramid
renal column
kidney lobe

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12
Q

two types of nephrons

A

cortical nephron
juxtamedullary nephron

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13
Q

cortical nephron

A

located primarily in the renal cortex
responsible for most regulatory functions

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14
Q

juxtamedullary nephron

A

long nephron loop extending deep into the medulla
essential to producing concentrated urine

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15
Q

Arteries

A

abdominal aorta
renal artery
segmental artery
lobar artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent glomerulus arterioles

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16
Q

veins

A

cortical radiate veins/ interlobular veins (drain blood from the renal cortex)
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
renal vein
inferior vena cava

17
Q

what does urine flow result from

A

gravity
peristalsis
hydrostatic pressure

18
Q

blood supply of ureter

A

renal artery
abdominal aorta
gonadal
common iliac
internal iliac
inferior vesical artery

19
Q

three sites of ureter constriction where kidney stones can lodge

A

junction of renal pelvis and ureter
pelvic inlet
entrance to bladder

20
Q

three layers of tissue of the ureter

A

smooth muscle
outer connective tissue layer
mucosa (lamina propria, transitional epithelium)

21
Q

urinary bladder

A

anchored to pelvic and pubic bones by supporting ligaments
lateral umbilical ligaments
middle umbilical ligaments

22
Q

structures of urinary bladder

A

rugae- folds in bladder lining that disappear as the bladder fills
ureteric orifices- slitlike shape that helps prevent back flow of urine into ureters with bladder contractions
trigone- triangular area bounded by the ureteral opening and the entrance to the urethra
neck of urinary bladder- contains a muscular internal urethral sphincter (involuntary smooth muscle)

23
Q

walls of the urinary bladder

A

mucosa (transitional epithelium and lamina propria)
submucosa
detrusor
visceral peritoneum

24
Q

surrounding structures and spaces

A

superior- pelvic visceral fascia, peritoneal membrane, sigmoid colon
inferior- pelvic diaphragm
posterior- vesicouterine pouch and vagina
anterior- retropubic space, pubic symphysis

25
Q

urethra

A

external urethral orifice
internal urethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter

26
Q

external genitalia of male reproductive system

A

penis- erectile tissue
urethra- conducts semen to the exterior
scrotum- surrounds testes

27
Q

internal genitalia of male reproductive system

A

testis- produces sperm and hormones
epididymis- where sperm matures
ductus deferens- conducts sperm between epididymis and prostate
semina gland - secretes fluid making up much volume of semen
prostate- secretes fluid and enzymes
bulbs-urethral gland- secretes fluid that lubricate tip of penis

28
Q

scortum and associated structures

A

scrotal cavities- house the testes
scrotal septum- separates right and left cavities and is marked by raised thickening (raphe of scrotum) in the scrotal surface
dartos muscle- smooth muscle in skin of scrotum
cremaster muscle- contracts to pull testes closer to the body during sexual intercourse/ cold temp

29
Q

internal organization of testes

A

tunica vaginalis- lines scrotal cavity and reduces friction
tunica albuginea - tough fibrous capsule covering the testis, it is continuous with septa dividing testes into lobules

Anatomy (6 decks)

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