Urinary and Reproductive System Flashcards
component of urinary system
kidneys- filter and excrete waste products from the blood
ureter- transport urine
urinary bladder- reservoir
urethra- channel to the exterior
functions of the urinary system
stabilising blood pH
conserve valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine
regulate blood plasma concentrations of Na,K,Cl and other ions
adjust volume and pressure of blood
remove blood and toxins from the bloodstream
kidney shape and colour
bean shaped
reddish brown colour
anatomical position of kidneys
in retroperitoneal position
between muscles of the posterior body wall and parietal peritoneum
they occupy the epigastric, hypochondriac, lumbar and umbilical regions
what is the position of kidneys maintained by
overlying peritoneum
adjacent visceral organs
supporting connective tissues
connective tissues supporting the kidney
renal capsule
perirenal fat
renal fascia
pararenal fat
fibrous capsule/ renal capsule
layer of collagen fibres
covers the outer surface of the kidney
projects collagen fibres through the perinephric fat to the renal fascia
perinephric fat/ perirenal fat
thick layer of adipose tissue
covers the renal capsule
shock absorber and protects the kidneys from trauma
renal fascia
2 layers
anchors the kidney to the surrounding organs
pararenal fat
lies external to the fascia
part of retroperitoneal fat
internal structure of kidneys
fibrous capsule
renal cortex
renal medulla
renal papilla
renal pyramid
renal column
kidney lobe
two types of nephrons
cortical nephron
juxtamedullary nephron
cortical nephron
located primarily in the renal cortex
responsible for most regulatory functions
juxtamedullary nephron
long nephron loop extending deep into the medulla
essential to producing concentrated urine
Arteries
abdominal aorta
renal artery
segmental artery
lobar artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
interlobular artery
afferent glomerulus arterioles
veins
cortical radiate veins/ interlobular veins (drain blood from the renal cortex)
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
renal vein
inferior vena cava
what does urine flow result from
gravity
peristalsis
hydrostatic pressure
blood supply of ureter
renal artery
abdominal aorta
gonadal
common iliac
internal iliac
inferior vesical artery
three sites of ureter constriction where kidney stones can lodge
junction of renal pelvis and ureter
pelvic inlet
entrance to bladder
three layers of tissue of the ureter
smooth muscle
outer connective tissue layer
mucosa (lamina propria, transitional epithelium)
urinary bladder
anchored to pelvic and pubic bones by supporting ligaments
lateral umbilical ligaments
middle umbilical ligaments
structures of urinary bladder
rugae- folds in bladder lining that disappear as the bladder fills
ureteric orifices- slitlike shape that helps prevent back flow of urine into ureters with bladder contractions
trigone- triangular area bounded by the ureteral opening and the entrance to the urethra
neck of urinary bladder- contains a muscular internal urethral sphincter (involuntary smooth muscle)
walls of the urinary bladder
mucosa (transitional epithelium and lamina propria)
submucosa
detrusor
visceral peritoneum
surrounding structures and spaces
superior- pelvic visceral fascia, peritoneal membrane, sigmoid colon
inferior- pelvic diaphragm
posterior- vesicouterine pouch and vagina
anterior- retropubic space, pubic symphysis
