Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

parts of the skeletal system

A

bones
cartilage
ligaments
joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two divisions the skeletal system is divided into

A

axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

functions of bones

A

protect the softer organs
support of the body (provide shape, support and the framework)
storage of minerals and fats
blood cell formation (haematopoeisis)
movement due to attached skeletal muscles (provide a place to attach muscles) - make movement possible through joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

composition of bones

A

50% water
50% solid calcified rigid substance known as osseous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells from haemtopoietic stem cells found in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many bones does the skeleton have

A

206
80- axial
126- appendicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

types of bone tissue

A

compact bone- homogeneous
spongy bone- small needle like pieces of bone, many open spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 classifications of bones

A

bones are classified by shape
1. long
2. short
3. irregular
4. flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

long bones

A

longer than wide
have a shaft (diaphysis) with heads at both ends (epiphysis)
contain mostly compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

short bones

A

cube shaped
contain mostly spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

flat bones

A

thin and flattened, usually curved
thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

irregular bone

A

irregular shape
do not fit into other classification categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft
composed of compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

epiphysis

A

end of bone
composed of mostly spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structures of long bone

A

periosteum- outside covering of diaphysis
fibrous connective tissue membrane

sharpeys fibres- secure periosteum to underlying bone

arteries- supply bone cells with nutrients

articular cartilage- covers the external surfaces of the epiphysis
made of hyaline cartilage
decreases friction at joint surfaces

medullary cavity- cavity of the shaft
contains yellow (fat) in adults and red (for blood cell formation) in infants bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endosteum

A

lining medullar cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

categories of bone markings

A

projections and processes- grow out from the bone surface
depressions or cavities- indentations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

isolated areas of cartilage

A

joints
parts of ribs
bridge of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

osteogenesis

A

genetic bone disorder present at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ossification

A

formation of bone by osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of bone cells

A

osteocyte (mature bone cell, maintains bone)
osteblast- forms bone
osteclast- destroys bone
break down matrix for remodelling and release of calcium

22
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

making of bone between connective tissue membranes
responsible for making flat bone
mesenchymal cells (multipoint stem cells) present in fibrous connective tissue cluster together and transform into osteogenic cells (stem cells in the bone important for growth and repair) and then into osteoblasts (to then make bone)

23
Q

endochnodral ossification

A

process of making bone within cartilage (replaces hyaline cartilage with bony tissue)

hyaline cartilage serves as a model for bone to be laid upon
located at the diaphysis of a long bone is a primary ossification centre where cells change into osteoblasts and then they begin laying down bone
the secondary ossification centre appears after birth, it is located in the epiphysis of long bones

24
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses differentiates into the articular cartilage
made up of chondrocytes that make cartilage which is then replaced by bone

25
Q

how do bones grow

A

epiphyseal plate allows growth of long bone during childhood
it makes cartilage that is then replaced by bones
when the chondrocytes stop making cartilage the epiphyseal plate becomes completely calcified and the bone stops growing
(new cartilage is continuously formed, old cartilage becomes ossified, cartilage is broken down, bone replaces cartilage)

26
Q

bone growth in width

A
  1. ridges in periosteum create groove for periosteal blood vessel
  2. periosteal ridge fuse forming an endosteum-lined tunnel
  3. osteoblasts in endosteum build new concentric lamellae inward toward centre of tunnel, forming a new osteon
  4. bone grows outward as osteoblasts in periosteum build new outer circumferential lamellae
    osteon formation repeats as new periosteal ridges fold over blood vessels
27
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull
vertebral column
bony thorax

28
Q

primary bones of axial skeleton

A

skull
spine
ribs
sternum (thorax)

29
Q

skull

A

cranial
facial bones
bones joined by sutures

30
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

31
Q

function of paranasal sinuses

A

lighten the skull
give resonance and amplification to voice

32
Q

hyoid bone

A

only bone that does not articulate with another bone
serves as a movable base for the tongue

33
Q

fontanelles

A

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones
allow the brain to grow

34
Q

what are the vertebrae separated by

A

vertebral discs

35
Q

bony thorax

A

forms a cage to protect major organs
made up of sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

36
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

limbs
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle

37
Q

primary bones of the appendicular skeleton

A

shoulder/ pectoral girdle
arms
hands
pelvic girdle
legs
feet

38
Q

pectoral girdle (shoulder)

A

composed of clavicle (collar bone) and spatula (shoulder blade)

39
Q

function of pectoral girdle

A

allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

40
Q

bone of arm

A

humerus

41
Q

bones of forearm

A

ulna
radius

42
Q

bones of hand

A

carpals- wrist
metacarpals- palm
phalanges- fingers

43
Q

bones of pelvic girdle (hip bones)

A

ilium
ischium
pubic bone

44
Q

functions of pelvic girdle

A

protects several organs (reproductive organs, urinary bladder, part of the large intestine)

45
Q

bones of thigh

A

femur

46
Q

bones of leg

A

tibia
fibula

47
Q

bones of foot

A

phalanges- toes
tarsus- ankle
metatarsals- sole

48
Q

types of bone fractures

A

closed (simple) fracture- break that does not penetrate the skin
open (compound) fracture- broken bone that penetrates through the skin

49
Q

how are bone fractures treated

A

reduction and immobilisation
realignment of bone

50
Q

repair of bone fractures

A
  1. hematoma formation (blood filled swelling)
  2. break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus (bony healing tissue which forms around the end of broken bone)
  3. fibrocartilage callus is replaced by bony callus
  4. bony callus is remodelled to form a permanent patch

Anatomy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions