Urinary and GI system

Question 1

Describe the healthy kidney of the cat

Answer 1

• Bean shaped
• Cherry-like size
• Not painful
• Firm consistency
• Slightly movable
• Homogenous
• Symmetrical

Question 2

Parameters of the urinary bladder examination

Answer 2

• Location
• Size
• Shape
• Pain
• Surface
• Wall thickness
• Content

Question 3

Physical examination of the distended abdomen

Answer 3

• Radiography
• US
• Computer tomography
• Palpation
• Fluid puncture
• Percussion / Undulation test
• Pain
• Temperature
• Foreign bodies
• Palpable organs

Question 4

Examination of the teeth (what to examine)

Answer 4

• Shape
• Number
• Colour
• Movability
• Pain
• Plaque
• Percussion
• Surface
• Closure

Question 5

Examination of the testes

Answer 5

• Size
• Shape
• Consistency
• Symmetry
• Pain
• Semen

Question 6

Parameters to check in urine

Answer 6

• pH
• Specific gravity
• Ketones
• Glucose
• Proteins
• Pus
• Blood / Hb
• Br
• UBG
• Sediment

Question 7

What test are performed when checking the fluid in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 7

Undulation test

Question 8

Medical term for frequent urination + painful urination?

Answer 8

• Polyuria (reduced cc ability) / Polakiuria (extraordianry frequency)
• Dysuria / stranguria

Question 9

Structures checked in the oropharynx

Answer 9

• Teeth
• Gums
• Muc.mem. of cheeks and lips
• Tongue
• Soft/hard palate
• Tonsils
• Pharynx
• Salivary glands

Question 10

What do we palpate in the cardiac region?

Answer 10

• Pain
• Location of the heart beat
• Strength
• Fremitus (palpate thrill)

Question 11

Examination of the abdomen

Answer 11

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• prostate
• urethra

Question 12

Description of the palpatory findings of abdominal organs

Answer 12

location, size, shape, relation to their neighbourhood, painfulness, surface, consistency, structure, (symmetry)

Question 13

Describe the physiological kidney in dogs

Answer 13

(same as cat) but only left palpable

Question 14

Indication for Kidney Enlargement

Answer 14

• acute nephritis
• pyelonephritis
• hydronephrosis (swelling)
• tumor (asymmetric enlargement)

Question 15

Indication for Kidney Pain

Answer 15

• renal stones
• tumour
• acute nephritis
• pyelonephritis

Question 16

Indication for Kidney Smaller size

Answer 16

• renal fibrosis
• chronic nephritis
• renal dysplasia

Question 17

Urinary bladder pathological conditions

Answer 17

• acute dilatation of the UB (urethral obstruction)
• chronic dilatation of the UB (neurogenic problem)
• thickened wall (cystitis, tumor)
• pain (cystitis, stones)
• abnormal surface (stones)

Question 18

Examination of the prostatic gland

Answer 18

• Male dogs
• Palpation (abdominal, rectal-digital) – size, shape, symmetry, consistency, pain
• Imaging methods (X-ray, US)
• Urinalysis
• Examination of prostatic fluid (prostatic massage)
• Examination of semen
• Cytology, biopsy

Question 19

DIGESTIVE TRACT - HISTORY

Answer 19

1. Eating (appetite), weight loss
(picking up, chewing, swallowing)
2. Vomiting-regurgitation
3. Defecation
-position (posture)
-frequency
-pain, tenesmus, incontinence
4. Anus (observation, palpation)
5. Feces: quantity, quality (form, color, smell, consistency,
abnormal comp.), fecal digestion test
6. Distended abdomen

Question 20

DIGESTIVE TRACT - Additional examination methods

Answer 20

• Laboratory examination
(blood, urine, feces, gastric content, abdominal fluid)
• X-Ray (plain, contrast, gastric emptying)
• Ultrasound
• Endoscopy (laparoscopy)
• Fluoroscopy
• Abdominocentesis
• Laparotomy
• Biopsy, FNA (cytology)
• CT, MR

Question 21

TEETH in dog and cat

Answer 21

incisor, canine, premolar, molar
– Dog: 3I 1C 4P 2M 
            3I 1C 4P 3M
Cat: 3I 1C 3P 1M
        3I 1C 2P 1M

Question 22

TONGUE exam

Answer 22

Shape, size, surface (lesions,papillas), colour,

consistency/ tone, movability