Urinary Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Urinary Organs
A
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
2
Q
Fibrous Capsule
A
- Separate from the renal cortex
- Surrounds the kidney
3
Q
Perirenal Fat
A
-Layer of fat surrounding the renal capsule
4
Q
Renal Fascia
A
- External to the perirenal fat
5
Q
Hilum
A
- Where the blood vessels and nerves enter and exit
6
Q
Internal structures of the Kidney
A
- Renal Cortex
- Renal Pyramids
- Renal Pelvis
- Major and Minor Calicies
7
Q
Order of Renal Blood Vessels
A
Renal Arteries -> Segmental Arteries -> Interlobular Arteries -> Arcuate Arteries
8
Q
Parts of the Renal Corpuscle
A
- Glomerulus (bundle of blood vessels)
- Bowman’s (glomerular) capsule
9
Q
Parts of the Renal Tubule
A
- Proximal tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Tubule
- Collecting Duct
10
Q
Types of Nephron
A
- Cortical (85%)
- Juxtamedullary (15%)
11
Q
Cortical vs. Juxtamedullary Nephron
A
- Cortical has a short loop of Henle and barely dips into the medulla
- Juxtamedullary has a long loop of Henle that goes deep into the medulla to concentrate urine
12
Q
Peritubular Capillaries
A
- Adapted for absorption
- Low pressure and porous
- Secrete products into tubules
- Wrap around the renal tubules
13
Q
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
A
- Helps regulate blood pressure by secreting renin
- Renin secreted from granular cells
- Macula densa signals granular cells to secrete renin
- Mesangial cells regulate glomerulus flow, found around the base of the glomerulus
- Extraglomerular mesangial cells help to regulate blood pressure
14
Q
Oblique Entry
A
- Prevents backflow in ureters
15
Q
Ureter Tissue Layers
A
- Mucosa
- Muscularis
- Adventitia
16
Q
Urinary Bladder Layers
A
- Mucosa
- Thick muscular layer (detrusor)
- Fibrous Adventitia
17
Q
Urethra Regions and Sphincters
A
- Males have three regions (prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile)
- Internal sphincter in involuntary smooth muscle
- External sphincter is voluntary and relaxes during urination
18
Q
Micturition
A
- Urination
- Initiated by stretch receptors
