Digestive Anatomy Flashcards
Alimentary Canal
Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
Accessory Digestive Organs
Include teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
Peritoneum
- Lining of tissue that surrounds digestive organs and lines abdominal cavity
- Separated into visceral and parietal
Mesentary
- Double layer of peritoneum
- Holds organs in place, stores fat, contains blood vessels and nerves
Mesenteries
- Greater Omentum: Fatty apron
- Lesser Omentum: Attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach and to the liver
- Attach to posterior abdominal wall
Alimentary Canal Wall Layers
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis Externa
- Serosa
Mucosa
- Made up of three layers
- Epithelium (stratified squamous)
- Lamina propria (areolar CT)
- Muscularis Mucosa (create the inner gut folds to increase surface area)
Submucosa
- Contains blood, lymphatics, and nerves
- Contains the sub-mucosal plexus (controls secretions)
Muscularis Externa
- Smooth muscle, controls gut motility
- Circular muscularis and longitudinal muscularis to contract in two directions
- Myenteric plexus controls motility
Serosa
- Visceral peritoneum
Areolar CT
Simple squamous epithelium
Mouth Structures
- Labial Frenulum
- Lingual Frenulum
- Palate
- Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
- Sulcus Terminalis
- Papillae
Frenula
- Labial: Connects teeth to gums
- Lingual: Connects tongue to the floor of the mouth
Tongue Papillae
- Sensory nodes
- Filiform: touch
- Fungiform: taste
- Circumvallate: taste (back)
Teeth types
- Deciduous (baby teeth)
- From front to back:
- Incisors
- Canines
- Premolars
- Molars
Dentin
- Calcified CT that makes up most of the tooth
Salivary Glands
- Produce saliva and salivary amylase
- Three different glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)
Stomach Muscle Layers
- Circular
- Longitudinal
- Oblique
Order of Small Intestine Subdivisions
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Stomach Innervation
- Vagus: parasympathetic
- Thoracic Splanchnic: sympathetic
Duodenum
- Receives digestive enzymes, bile, and stomach contents
Intestinal Cell Types
- Absorptive Cells (nutrient Uptake)
- Goblet Cells (mucus secretion)
- Endocrine Cells (hormone secretion)
- Intestinal Crypts (secrete intestinal juices)
Subdivisions of the Large Intestine
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
- Rectum
- Anal Canal
Large Intestine Special Features
- Teniae Coli (thickening of longitudinal muscularis, creating haustra)
- Haustra (compartments in the intestine for digestion)
- Epiploic Appendages (fat filled pouches of visceral Peritoneum)
Ileocecal Valve
The valve that separates the small and large intestines
Are villi present in the large intestine?
No
Largest Gland in the Body
The liver
Hepatocyte
- Functional cells of the liver
- Make blood proteins
- Smooth ER produces bile salts and detoxifies poisons
- Peroxisomes detoxify alcohol
- Glycosomes store sugar
Portal Triad
- Bile duct tributaries
- Hepatic portal vein
- Hepatic artery
Kupffer Cells
Destroy bacteria in the liver
Liver Lobule
- Made up of hepatocytes, portal triads, and Kupffer cells
- Functional units of the liver (kind of like how bone is organized)
Glaabladder
- Stores bile
- Releases bile into duodenum
Pancreas
- Exocrine: Acinar cells produce pancreatic enzymes
- Endocrine: Insulin and glucagon
