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Fundamentals > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Diuresis

A

Increase/excessive production of urine

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2
Q

Nocturia

A

Urinating frequently at night

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3
Q

Polyuria

A

Abnormally large amounts of urine

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4
Q

Oliguria

A

Urine output is below normal

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5
Q

Anuria

A

No urine produced

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6
Q

Alternations in urinary elimination

A

Urinary retention- inability to urine

UTI- results from catheterizations

Urinary incontinence- unable to control urine leakage

Urinary diversion- urine to a external source- re route normal urination system

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7
Q

Diuretic

A

Causing increased passing of urine

For assessment offer patient a bathroom break every 30 minutes

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8
Q

Characteristics of altered urination

A

Urgency- hits you unexpectedly

Dysuria- abnormal- hurts when you pee

Enuresis- involuntary urination/ bed wetters

Incontinence- not being able to hold pee/ control it

Retention- inability to empty bladder

Neurogenic bladder- bladder damage caused by neurological damage, having a spinal cold injury, can’t feel peeing

Frequency- urinating more then 4-6 times a day

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9
Q

Transient incontinence

A

Temporary, caused by illness or specific condition that is short lived like a UTI, hyperglycemia, medications (diuretics)

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10
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

Physical movement such as coughing, sneezing, running, something that puts pressure on your bladder

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11
Q

Urge incontinence

A

When you have a sudden urge to urinate. Bladder contracts when it shouldn’t

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12
Q

Reflex incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine usually without warning

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13
Q

Functional incontinence

A

Person is aware of the need to urinate, but physical or mental reasons cause them to not be able to make it to the bathroom

Like a broken hip

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14
Q

Specific gravity

A

The more concentrated the urine is the more yellow it is, when it is clear it has a low concentration level.

Normal specific gravity- 1.002 to 1.030
Low specific gravity- 1.001- may indicate the kidney is ineffective
High specific gravity- 1.029- person dehydrated

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15
Q

Ureterostomy

A

Creating is stoma, divert flow of urine away from the bladder

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16
Q

Nephrostomy

A

Created between kidney and skin which allows urinary diversion directly from the upper part of urinary system

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17
Q

Illeal conduit

A

Urinary drainage a surgeon creates using small intestine after removing bladder

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18
Q

Kock pouch

A

A urinary diversion in which the surgeon forms a reservoir from the ileum. The pouch is emptied by clean straight catherization every 2 to 3 hours initially, and every 5 to 6 hours once the pouch expands to capacity

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19
Q

Neobladder

A

A new bladder created by the surgeon using the ileum that attaches to the uterus and urethra. It allows the client to maintain continence, client learns to void by straining the abdominal muscles

20
Q

Bedside sonography with a bladder scanner

A

Noninvasive portable ultrasound scanner for measuring bladder volume and residual volume after urination

21
Q

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

A

X-ray to determine size, shape, and position of these structures

22
Q

Intravenous pyelogram

A

Injection is contract media (iodine) for viewing of ducts, rank pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Allergy to shellfish contraindicates the use of this contrast medium

23
Q

Renal scan

A

View of renal blood flow and anatomy of the kidneys without contrast

24
Q

Renal ultrasound

A

View of gross renal structures and structural abnormalities using high frequency sound waves

25
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Use of a light instrument to visualize, treat, and obtain specimens from the bladder and urethra

26
Q

Urodynamic testing

A

Test for bladder muscle function by filling the bladder with co2 or 0.9% sodium chloride and comparing pressure readings with reported sensations

27
Q

Promoting healthy urinary elimination

A 
Equipment: 
Urinal for males
Toilet, bed pan, or commode
Fracture pan- for clients who must remain supine and clients in body or leg casts
Regular pan- for clients who can sit up

Procedure nursing actions:
Have clients sit when possible
Provide privacy needs with adequate time for urinating

28
Q

Bladder retaining for treating urge incontinence

A
  • used timed voiding to increase intervals between urination
  • assist clients to perform relaxation techniques
  • offer incontinence undergarments while clients are retraining
  • provide positive reinforcement as clients remain continent

Client education

  • perform pelvic floor (kegal) exercises
  • do not ignore the urge to urinate
  • eliminate or decrease caffeine drinks
  • take diuretics in the morning
29
Q

Specimen collection

A

Non-sterile- for urinalysis
Sterile for clean- catch midstream and specimens from catheter
Discard the first voiding
Label container with clients identifying information
Refrigerate, label, and transport the specimen

30
Q

UTI

A 
Most due to E.Coli 
Risk factors:
- in females, close proximity of the urethral meats to the anus 
- frequent sexual intercourse 
- menopause: decreasing estrogen levels 
- uncircumcised clients
- use if indwelling catheters

Symptoms:

  • urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, flank pain, hematuria, cloudy, found smelling urine, and fever
  • in older adults, new onset of increased confusion, recent falls, new onset incontinence, anorexia, fever, tachycardia, hypotension
31
Q

Assessment data/ collection

A
  • female sex
  • history of multiple pregnancies and vaginal births, aging, chronic urinary retention, chronic bladder infection (cystitis)
  • neurological disorders- Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis
  • medication- diuretics, opioids, anticholinergics, adrenegic antagonist
  • obesity
  • Decreased pelvic muscle tone
32
Q

Urinalysis and urine culture sensitivity

A

To identify UTI (presences of RBC, WBC, and micro organisms)

33
Q

Blood creatinine and BUN

A

To assess renal function

34
Q

Ultrasound

A

Defects bladder abnormalities and or residual urine

35
Q

Voiding cystourethrography

A

Identifies the size, shape, support, and function of the urinary bladder, obstruction(prostate), residual urine

36
Q

Urodynamic testing

A
  • cystourethroscopy: visualizes the inside of the bladder
  • uroflowmetry: measure the rate and degree of bladder emptying
  • electromyography: measure the strength of pelvic muscle contractions
37
Q

Bladder retraining program

A

Urinary bladder retraining increases the bladders ability to hold urine and clients ability to suppress urinating

Client education:
Urinate at scheduled times
Gradually increase urination intervals after no incontinence episode for 3 days, working toward the optimal 4 hour interval
Hold urine until the scheduled toileting time
Keep track of urination times

38
Q

Acute renal failure

A

An acute ride in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more. May be caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidney, injury to the kidney glomeruli or tubes

39
Q

Anuria

A

The absence of urine, often associated with kidney failure or congestive heart failure. This term is used when urine output is 100mL in 24 hours

40
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination. May be associated with infection or partial obstruction of the urinary tract

41
Q

End stage real disease

A

A chronic rise in serum creatinine levels associated with loss of kidney function that must be treated with dialysis

42
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary loss of urine

43
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

44
Q

Micturition

A

To start the stream of urine

45
Q

Nephropathy

A

Disease of the kidney

46
Q

Nephrotoxic

A

A substance that damages kidney tissue

47
Q

Nocturia

A

Frequent ruination after going to bed. May be caused by excessive fluid intake as well as a variety of urinary tract and cardiovascular problems

Fundamentals (11 decks)

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