urinary

Question 1

Which of the following statement concerning the ureter is/ are false?
• is lined by transitional epithelium
• several layers of smooth muscle are sitiuated in its wall
• is covered by a thin layer of serosa

Answer 1

• -+

false: serosa layer

Question 2

Which of the following types of epithelium lines the thick segment of ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
• pseudostratified columnar
• simple columnar
• simple cuboidal
• simple squamous
• stratified cuboidal
• stratified squamous
• transitional

Answer 2

simple cuboidal

it’s always simple cuboidal in the tubules EXCEPT

1) in the thin descending/ascending tubules which are squamous.
2) in the macula densa of the thick ascending limb : tall epithelial cells

Question 3

Which of the following is/ are characteristics of cortical, but not juxtamedullary nephrons?
• associated efferent arterioles supply the vasa recta
• have long thin segments of loop of Henle that penetrate deep into renal medulla
• have proximal convoluted tubules located in the renal cortex
• have distal convoluted tubules located in the renal medulla
• loops of Henle have longer thick segments of descending limbs
• are primarily responsible for establishing the medullas hypertonic gradient

Answer 3

• both
• typical of juxtamedullary nephrons
• both
• neither
  + typical of cortical nephrons
• that’s juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 4

Which of the following vessels are located at the border between the renal cortex and medulla?
• Arcuate artery and veins
• interlobar arteries and veins
• interlobular arteries and veins
• stellate veins
• vasa recta

Answer 4

+—–

Question 5

forms macula densa
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither

Answer 5

distal tubules

Question 6

lining is similar to thin segments of loop of Henle
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither

Answer 6

neither

Question 7

brush border on apical surfaces of lining cells
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither

Answer 7

proximal tubules

Question 8

convoluted portion lies in cortex
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither

Answer 8

both

Question 9

actively removes up to 85% of sodium ions from filtrate
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither

Answer 9

proximal

Question 10

secrete renin
• extraglomerular mesangial cells
• juxtaglomerular cells
• podocytes
• mesangial cells
• all of them

Answer 10

-+—

mesangium : phagocytosis, cytokines, support, adjust contraction for blood pressure

Question 11

components of juxtaglomerular apparatus
• extraglomerular mesangial cells
• juxtaglomerular cells
• podocytes
• mesangial cells
• all of them

Answer 11

++—
The arteriole containing the juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa (distal convoluted tubule) form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Question 12

removes small molecules of proteins from filtrate
• proximal tubule
• distal tubule
• neither

Answer 12

proximal tubule: it reabsobs all proteins, water, organic nutrients, electrolytes. + secretes ions.
distal only reabsorbs electrolytes.

Question 13

lining cells contain basal labyrinth in their cytoplasm
• proximal tubule
• distal tubule
• neither

Answer 13

both! meaning they both have a lot of mitochondria

Question 14

lining cells are larger and more acidophilic
• proximal tubule
• distal tubule
• neither

Answer 14

proximal tubules

Question 15

form visceral layer of Bowmans capsule
• extraglomerular mesangial cells
• juxtaglomerular cells
• podocytes
• mesangial cells
• all of them

Answer 15

just podocytes

Question 16

located in renal cortex
• extraglomerular mesangial cells
• juxtaglomerular cells
• podocytes
• mesangial cells
• all of them

Answer 16

all of them

Question 17

longer thin segments of loops of Henle
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither

Answer 17

-+-

Question 18

proximal convoluted tubules located in cortex
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither

Answer 18

both

Question 19

Which of the following of the following statement concerning juxtaglomerular apparatus is/are true?
• contains extraglomerular mesangial cells
• Macula densa is situated in wall of proximal tubule
• juxtaglomerular cells are situated in wall of distal tubule
• juxtaglomerular cells contain renin in their secretory granules

Answer 19

+
- (in distal -straight part- tubule)
- (in the afferent arteriole!)
+ (in zymogen granules they have renin)

Question 20

Which of the following types of epithelium represents a portion of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule?
• pseudostratified columnar
• simple columnar
• simple columnar
• simple squamous
• stratified cuboidal
• stratified squamous
• transitional

Answer 20

it’s super thin and dark

–> simple squamous

Question 21

Which of the following is/are characteristic/s of the thin segment of loops of Henle but not vasa recta?
• ascending portions are impermeable to water
• are components of juxtaglomeral apparatus
• are lined by endothelium
• are impermeable to water and this process is regulated by ADH
• secrete angiotensinogen

Answer 21

+ : thin ascending limb has passive reabsorption of NaCl and impermeable to water. but thin descending limb reabsorbs water passively.
passive reabsorption/withdrawing of water

• : niether
• : yes for vasa recta
• : neither
• : is a plasma protein from the liver

Question 22

Which of the following is/ are characteristic/s of the proximal tubule but not of the distal tubules?
• convoluted portion lies in the renal cortex
• epithelial lining is similar to that of the thin segment of loop of Henle
• exhibits a brush border
• lining cells are basophilic
• contains a macula densa
• is aldosterone’s site of action

Answer 22

• : both are
• : both don’t
  + : both have microvilli but proxi way more and makes a brush border
• : both pink, not purple/blue
• : no, distal tubule does
• : aldosterone acts in the distal tubules and connecting tubules (promotes reabsorption of Na and water)

Question 23

appear to phagocytose material trapped in filtration barrier
• extraglomerular mesangial cells
• juxtaglomerular cells
• podocytes
• mesangial cells
• all of them

Answer 23

(filtration barrier is in the glomerulus capillaries)

mesangial cells

Question 24

associated efferent arterioles form two principal branches in
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither

Answer 24

only juxtamedullary because cortical ones don’t have the vasa recta, besides from the peritubular capillary neurons

Question 25

associated efferent arterioles form peritubular capillary network
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither

Answer 25

both

Question 26

more numerous
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither

Answer 26

cortical nephrons