urinary Flashcards
Which of the following statement concerning the ureter is/ are false?
• is lined by transitional epithelium
• several layers of smooth muscle are sitiuated in its wall
• is covered by a thin layer of serosa
- -+
false: serosa layer
Which of the following types of epithelium lines the thick segment of ascending limb of the loop of Henle? • pseudostratified columnar • simple columnar • simple cuboidal • simple squamous • stratified cuboidal • stratified squamous • transitional
simple cuboidal
it’s always simple cuboidal in the tubules EXCEPT
1) in the thin descending/ascending tubules which are squamous.
2) in the macula densa of the thick ascending limb : tall epithelial cells
Which of the following is/ are characteristics of cortical, but not juxtamedullary nephrons?
• associated efferent arterioles supply the vasa recta
• have long thin segments of loop of Henle that penetrate deep into renal medulla
• have proximal convoluted tubules located in the renal cortex
• have distal convoluted tubules located in the renal medulla
• loops of Henle have longer thick segments of descending limbs
• are primarily responsible for establishing the medullas hypertonic gradient
- both
- typical of juxtamedullary nephrons
- both
- neither
+ typical of cortical nephrons - that’s juxtamedullary nephrons
Which of the following vessels are located at the border between the renal cortex and medulla? • Arcuate artery and veins • interlobar arteries and veins • interlobular arteries and veins • stellate veins • vasa recta
+—–
forms macula densa
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither
distal tubules
lining is similar to thin segments of loop of Henle
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither
neither
brush border on apical surfaces of lining cells
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither
proximal tubules
convoluted portion lies in cortex
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither
both
actively removes up to 85% of sodium ions from filtrate
• proximal tubules
• distal tubules
• neither
proximal
secrete renin • extraglomerular mesangial cells • juxtaglomerular cells • podocytes • mesangial cells • all of them
-+—
mesangium : phagocytosis, cytokines, support, adjust contraction for blood pressure
components of juxtaglomerular apparatus • extraglomerular mesangial cells • juxtaglomerular cells • podocytes • mesangial cells • all of them
++—
The arteriole containing the juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa (distal convoluted tubule) form the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
removes small molecules of proteins from filtrate
• proximal tubule
• distal tubule
• neither
proximal tubule: it reabsobs all proteins, water, organic nutrients, electrolytes. + secretes ions.
distal only reabsorbs electrolytes.
lining cells contain basal labyrinth in their cytoplasm
• proximal tubule
• distal tubule
• neither
both! meaning they both have a lot of mitochondria
lining cells are larger and more acidophilic
• proximal tubule
• distal tubule
• neither
proximal tubules
form visceral layer of Bowmans capsule • extraglomerular mesangial cells • juxtaglomerular cells • podocytes • mesangial cells • all of them
just podocytes
located in renal cortex • extraglomerular mesangial cells • juxtaglomerular cells • podocytes • mesangial cells • all of them
all of them
longer thin segments of loops of Henle
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither
-+-
proximal convoluted tubules located in cortex
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither
both
Which of the following of the following statement concerning juxtaglomerular apparatus is/are true?
• contains extraglomerular mesangial cells
• Macula densa is situated in wall of proximal tubule
• juxtaglomerular cells are situated in wall of distal tubule
• juxtaglomerular cells contain renin in their secretory granules
+
- (in distal -straight part- tubule)
- (in the afferent arteriole!)
+ (in zymogen granules they have renin)
Which of the following types of epithelium represents a portion of the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule? • pseudostratified columnar • simple columnar • simple columnar • simple squamous • stratified cuboidal • stratified squamous • transitional
it’s super thin and dark
–> simple squamous
Which of the following is/are characteristic/s of the thin segment of loops of Henle but not vasa recta?
• ascending portions are impermeable to water
• are components of juxtaglomeral apparatus
• are lined by endothelium
• are impermeable to water and this process is regulated by ADH
• secrete angiotensinogen
+ : thin ascending limb has passive reabsorption of NaCl and impermeable to water. but thin descending limb reabsorbs water passively.
passive reabsorption/withdrawing of water
- : niether
- : yes for vasa recta
- : neither
- : is a plasma protein from the liver
Which of the following is/ are characteristic/s of the proximal tubule but not of the distal tubules?
• convoluted portion lies in the renal cortex
• epithelial lining is similar to that of the thin segment of loop of Henle
• exhibits a brush border
• lining cells are basophilic
• contains a macula densa
• is aldosterone’s site of action
- : both are
- : both don’t
+ : both have microvilli but proxi way more and makes a brush border - : both pink, not purple/blue
- : no, distal tubule does
- : aldosterone acts in the distal tubules and connecting tubules (promotes reabsorption of Na and water)
appear to phagocytose material trapped in filtration barrier • extraglomerular mesangial cells • juxtaglomerular cells • podocytes • mesangial cells • all of them
(filtration barrier is in the glomerulus capillaries)
mesangial cells
associated efferent arterioles form two principal branches in
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither
only juxtamedullary because cortical ones don’t have the vasa recta, besides from the peritubular capillary neurons
associated efferent arterioles form peritubular capillary network
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither
both
more numerous
• cortical nephrons
• juxtamedullary nephrons
• neither
cortical nephrons
