urinary

Question 1

what produces urine?

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

what collects, concentrates and transports urine?

Answer 2

collecting duct

Question 3

what are the two parts of the nephron?

Answer 3

1. renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomular capsule)

2. renal tubule (PCT and DCT, loop of henle, connecting tubule)

Question 4

what is the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 4

the glomerular capsule

Question 5

what does the glomerulus connect?

Answer 5

afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole

Question 6

what are the epithelial cells that line the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 6

podocytes

Question 7

what are the cell processes of podocytes called?

Answer 7

pedicels ( interdigitate with filtration slits)

Question 8

what are the phagocytic cells found between capillaries of glomerulus?

Answer 8

mesangial cells

Question 9

what is formed by fused basal lamina of endothelial cells and podocytes?

Answer 9

glomerular basement membrane (GBM)

Question 10

how does the GBM filter substances?

Answer 10

1. size due to type IV collagen

2. charge due to negatively charges heparan sulfate

Question 11

what is the MW cutoff for the GBM?

Answer 11

69,000 Daltons

*anything bigger gets filtered

Question 12

what are the three main functions of the kidney?

Answer 12

1. filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion

Question 13

excretion = ?

Answer 13

filtration - reabsorption + secretion

Question 14

tubular reabsorption, active transport

Answer 14

1. glucose
2. amino acids
3. Na+

Question 15

tubular reabsorption, passive diffusion

Answer 15

1. water

2. urea

Question 16

what hormones influence the reabsorption?

Answer 16

1. parathormone
2. aldosterone
3. antidiuretic hormone

Question 17

term for glucose in urine

Answer 17

glucosuria

Question 18

what has thin ascending and descending limbs with simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 18

loop of Henle

Question 19

thick ascending limbs of loops of henle have what kind of epithelium?

Answer 19

simple cuboidal

Question 20

PCT versus DCT

Answer 20

PCT have larger, more heterochromatic epithelium, and stuff in lumen
DCT are smaller, more euchromatic and have empty lumens

Question 21

what are the two types of cells in the collecting ducts?

Answer 21

1. principle cells

2. intercalated cells

Question 22

what regulated blood pressure and secretes renin?

Answer 22

JG apparatus

Question 23

what type of epithelium does the bladder have?

Answer 23

urothelium (transitional epithelium)