urinary Flashcards
what produces urine?
nephron
what collects, concentrates and transports urine?
collecting duct
what are the two parts of the nephron?
- renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomular capsule)
2. renal tubule (PCT and DCT, loop of henle, connecting tubule)
what is the Bowman’s capsule?
the glomerular capsule
what does the glomerulus connect?
afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole
what are the epithelial cells that line the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule?
podocytes
what are the cell processes of podocytes called?
pedicels ( interdigitate with filtration slits)
what are the phagocytic cells found between capillaries of glomerulus?
mesangial cells
what is formed by fused basal lamina of endothelial cells and podocytes?
glomerular basement membrane (GBM)
how does the GBM filter substances?
- size due to type IV collagen
2. charge due to negatively charges heparan sulfate
what is the MW cutoff for the GBM?
69,000 Daltons
*anything bigger gets filtered
what are the three main functions of the kidney?
- filtration
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
excretion = ?
filtration - reabsorption + secretion
tubular reabsorption, active transport
- glucose
- amino acids
- Na+
tubular reabsorption, passive diffusion
- water
2. urea
what hormones influence the reabsorption?
- parathormone
- aldosterone
- antidiuretic hormone
term for glucose in urine
glucosuria
what has thin ascending and descending limbs with simple squamous epithelium?
loop of Henle
thick ascending limbs of loops of henle have what kind of epithelium?
simple cuboidal
PCT versus DCT
PCT have larger, more heterochromatic epithelium, and stuff in lumen
DCT are smaller, more euchromatic and have empty lumens
what are the two types of cells in the collecting ducts?
- principle cells
2. intercalated cells
what regulated blood pressure and secretes renin?
JG apparatus
what type of epithelium does the bladder have?
urothelium (transitional epithelium)
