female repro part I

Question 1

what part of the ovary contains the developing follicles?

Answer 1

cortex

Question 2

where is the cortex located in the mare?

Answer 2

centrally

Question 3

what is the edge of the cortex in the center of the ovary in the mare?

Answer 3

ovulation fossa

Question 4

what is the tissue between the follicles referred to as?

Answer 4

stroma

Question 5

what are the characteristics of the stromal cells

Answer 5

1. fibroblast-like

2. with lipid droplets

Question 6

what is the CT around the outer edge of the cortex

Answer 6

tunica albuginea

Question 7

what is the covering over the ovary?

Answer 7

tunica serosa ( AKA mesovarium)

Question 8

what kind of epithelium does the tunica serosa have?

Answer 8

simplie cuboidal (that gets more squamous with age)

Question 9

what contains the blood vessels of the ovary?

Answer 9

ovarian medulla

Question 10

what are the system of channels in the ovary that can for cysts and tumors?

Answer 10

rete ovarii

Question 11

what are the stem cells that divide mitoically until birth, that give rise to primary oocytes (which become arrested in meiotic prophase I)

Answer 11

oogonia

Question 12

when stimulated to divide, what type of division do primary oocytes complete/become?

Answer 12

1. meiosis I

2. form secondary oocyte and the 1st polar body

Question 13

when is the secondary oocyte formed in most species?

Answer 13

just prior to ovulation

Question 14

what type of oocye do the mare and dog ovulate?

Answer 14

primary oocyte

Question 15

regardless of stage of development of the follicle, all obserable follicles on slides of postnatal ovaries contain what kind of oocyte?

Answer 15

primary oocyte

Question 16

when does the secondary ooctye undergo the 2nd meiotic division?

Answer 16

right after fertilization

Question 17

what is formed by the secondary oocyte after meiosis II?

Answer 17

1. ovum

2. 2nd polar body

Question 18

female germ cells in most animals are arrested at what stage of development until the time of ovulation??

Answer 18

primary oocyte

Question 19

what surrounds the oocyte inside the follicle, that is a capsule-like structure

Answer 19

zona pellucida

Question 20

what is the layer of epithelial cells around the oocyte?

Answer 20

granulosa cells

Question 21

what is the zona pellucida made of ?

Answer 21

a think glycoprotein layer

Question 22

what secretes the zona pellucida?

Answer 22

both the oocyte and granulosa cells

Question 23

what surrounds the follicular epithelial cells (granulosa cells)

Answer 23

1. basement membrane

2. theca (interna/externa)

Question 24

what are the stages of the follicle?

Answer 24

1. primodial
2. primary
3. secondary
   4 tertiary (Graafian)

Question 25

what follicle has the oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

Answer 25

primordial follicles

Question 26

what type of follicle has the oocyte surrounded by cuboidal granulosa cells?

Answer 26

primary follicle

Question 27

what type of follicle do small pockets of follicular fluid appear between granulosa cells?

Answer 27

secondary follicle

Question 28

what type of follicle has one large fluid-filled cavity (antrum) with a layer of granulosa cells around the periphery (stratum granulosum)

Answer 28

tertiary follicle

Question 29

in advanced follicles, the granulosa cells are divided into what specific areas? (most interior to exterior)

Answer 29

1. corona radiata 2. cumulus oophorus (surrounds oocyte) 3. stratum granulosum

Question 30

what are the follicles that are degenerating?

Answer 30

atretic follicles

Question 31

can a follicle become atretic at any stage?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

what cells are often ovulated with the oocyte?

Answer 32

cumulus oophorus

Question 33

what cells are formed in the dog and cat from theca interna cells, which persist?

Answer 33

interstitial cells

Question 34

what are the two general phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 34

follicular and luteal

Question 35

what is the transient endocrine gland derived from an ovulated follicle?

Answer 35

corpus luteum

Question 36

what does the CL produce?

Answer 36

progesterone

Question 37

what hormone plays a large role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy?

Answer 37

progesterone

Question 38

CL regression is an example of:

Answer 38

apoptosis

Question 39

what hormone is involved in the regression of the CL?

Answer 39

PGF2alpha

Question 40

what stage is the CL degenerating/regressing?

Answer 40

follicular stage

Question 41

what stage is the follicle maturing toward ovulation?

Answer 41

follicular stage

Question 42

what stage is estrogen being produced by the granulosa cells in response to FSH?

Answer 42

follicular stage

Question 43

late in what stage does the LH surge trigger ovulation?

Answer 43

follicular stage

Question 44

what stage is the endometrium in the uterus proliferating?

Answer 44

follicular stage

Question 45

theca cells have what kind of receptors?

Answer 45

LH receptors

Question 46

what do theca cells produce?

Answer 46

androgens

Question 47

what type of receptors do granulosa cells have initially?

Answer 47

FSH receptors

Question 48

what do granulosa cells produce?

Answer 48

estrogens

Question 49

estrogen has what kind of feedback on granulosa cells?

Answer 49

positive

Question 50

granulosa cells later develop what kind of receptors?

Answer 50

LH receptors

Question 51

rising estrogen levels during the follicular phase stimulates what?

Answer 51

release of LH from pituitary (causes LH surge)

Question 52

what does the LH surge stimulate?

Answer 52

1. primary oocyte to complete meiosis I 2. starts process of ovulation 3. induces formation of CL

Question 53

what cells form the CL?

Answer 53

granulosa and theca cells

Question 54

in what phase is P4 produces by the CL

Answer 54

luteal phase

Question 55

in what phase are there several waves of follicles that become atretic?

Answer 55

luteal phase

Question 56

in what phase are the uterine glands secreting?

Answer 56

luteal phase

Question 57

LH secretion maintains what?

Answer 57

CL

Question 58

P4 stimulates development of what?

Answer 58

uterine endometrium

Question 59

P4 from the CL inhibit what?

Answer 59

FSH and LH release

Question 60

what CL degenerates each cycle that there is no implantation?

Answer 60

CL cyclicum

Question 61

what CL persists if there is implantation?

Answer 61

CL of pregnancy

Question 62

what is the CL gradually replace by that is a CT scar?

Answer 62

corpus albicans

Question 63

P4 has what type of feedback on LH secretion?

Answer 63

negative