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Microanatomy > female repro part I > Flashcards

female repro part I Flashcards

1
Q

what part of the ovary contains the developing follicles?

A

cortex

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2
Q

where is the cortex located in the mare?

A

centrally

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3
Q

what is the edge of the cortex in the center of the ovary in the mare?

A

ovulation fossa

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4
Q

what is the tissue between the follicles referred to as?

A

stroma

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of the stromal cells

A
  1. fibroblast-like

2. with lipid droplets

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6
Q

what is the CT around the outer edge of the cortex

A

tunica albuginea

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7
Q

what is the covering over the ovary?

A

tunica serosa ( AKA mesovarium)

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8
Q

what kind of epithelium does the tunica serosa have?

A

simplie cuboidal (that gets more squamous with age)

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9
Q

what contains the blood vessels of the ovary?

A

ovarian medulla

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10
Q

what are the system of channels in the ovary that can for cysts and tumors?

A

rete ovarii

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11
Q

what are the stem cells that divide mitoically until birth, that give rise to primary oocytes (which become arrested in meiotic prophase I)

A

oogonia

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12
Q

when stimulated to divide, what type of division do primary oocytes complete/become?

A
  1. meiosis I

2. form secondary oocyte and the 1st polar body

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13
Q

when is the secondary oocyte formed in most species?

A

just prior to ovulation

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14
Q

what type of oocye do the mare and dog ovulate?

A

primary oocyte

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15
Q

regardless of stage of development of the follicle, all obserable follicles on slides of postnatal ovaries contain what kind of oocyte?

A

primary oocyte

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16
Q

when does the secondary ooctye undergo the 2nd meiotic division?

A

right after fertilization

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17
Q

what is formed by the secondary oocyte after meiosis II?

A
  1. ovum

2. 2nd polar body

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18
Q

female germ cells in most animals are arrested at what stage of development until the time of ovulation??

A

primary oocyte

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19
Q

what surrounds the oocyte inside the follicle, that is a capsule-like structure

A

zona pellucida

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20
Q

what is the layer of epithelial cells around the oocyte?

A

granulosa cells

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21
Q

what is the zona pellucida made of ?

A

a think glycoprotein layer

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22
Q

what secretes the zona pellucida?

A

both the oocyte and granulosa cells

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23
Q

what surrounds the follicular epithelial cells (granulosa cells)

A
  1. basement membrane

2. theca (interna/externa)

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24
Q

what are the stages of the follicle?

A
  1. primodial
  2. primary
  3. secondary
    4 tertiary (Graafian)
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25
Q

what follicle has the oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous cells

A

primordial follicles

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26
Q

what type of follicle has the oocyte surrounded by cuboidal granulosa cells?

A

primary follicle

27
Q

what type of follicle do small pockets of follicular fluid appear between granulosa cells?

A

secondary follicle

28
Q

what type of follicle has one large fluid-filled cavity (antrum) with a layer of granulosa cells around the periphery (stratum granulosum)

A

tertiary follicle

29
Q

in advanced follicles, the granulosa cells are divided into what specific areas? (most interior to exterior)

A
  1. corona radiata
  2. cumulus oophorus (surrounds oocyte)
  3. stratum granulosum
30
Q

what are the follicles that are degenerating?

A

atretic follicles

31
Q

can a follicle become atretic at any stage?

A

yes

32
Q

what cells are often ovulated with the oocyte?

A

cumulus oophorus

33
Q

what cells are formed in the dog and cat from theca interna cells, which persist?

A

interstitial cells

34
Q

what are the two general phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular and luteal

35
Q

what is the transient endocrine gland derived from an ovulated follicle?

A

corpus luteum

36
Q

what does the CL produce?

A

progesterone

37
Q

what hormone plays a large role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy?

A

progesterone

38
Q

CL regression is an example of:

A

apoptosis

39
Q

what hormone is involved in the regression of the CL?

A

PGF2alpha

40
Q

what stage is the CL degenerating/regressing?

A

follicular stage

41
Q

what stage is the follicle maturing toward ovulation?

A

follicular stage

42
Q

what stage is estrogen being produced by the granulosa cells in response to FSH?

A

follicular stage

43
Q

late in what stage does the LH surge trigger ovulation?

A

follicular stage

44
Q

what stage is the endometrium in the uterus proliferating?

A

follicular stage

45
Q

theca cells have what kind of receptors?

A

LH receptors

46
Q

what do theca cells produce?

A

androgens

47
Q

what type of receptors do granulosa cells have initially?

A

FSH receptors

48
Q

what do granulosa cells produce?

A

estrogens

49
Q

estrogen has what kind of feedback on granulosa cells?

A

positive

50
Q

granulosa cells later develop what kind of receptors?

A

LH receptors

51
Q

rising estrogen levels during the follicular phase stimulates what?

A

release of LH from pituitary (causes LH surge)

52
Q

what does the LH surge stimulate?

A
  1. primary oocyte to complete meiosis I
  2. starts process of ovulation
  3. induces formation of CL
53
Q

what cells form the CL?

A

granulosa and theca cells

54
Q

in what phase is P4 produces by the CL

A

luteal phase

55
Q

in what phase are there several waves of follicles that become atretic?

A

luteal phase

56
Q

in what phase are the uterine glands secreting?

A

luteal phase

57
Q

LH secretion maintains what?

A

CL

58
Q

P4 stimulates development of what?

A

uterine endometrium

59
Q

P4 from the CL inhibit what?

A

FSH and LH release

60
Q

what CL degenerates each cycle that there is no implantation?

A

CL cyclicum

61
Q

what CL persists if there is implantation?

A

CL of pregnancy

62
Q

what is the CL gradually replace by that is a CT scar?

A

corpus albicans

63
Q

P4 has what type of feedback on LH secretion?

A

negative

Microanatomy (4 decks)

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