Brain and Spinal Cord (ANS)

Question 1

what cells produce CSF?

Answer 1

ependymal

Question 2

what type of neurons are in the dorsal root ganglion?

Answer 2

pseudounipolar, sensory

Question 3

what are the largest neurons in the ventral grey horn?

Answer 3

multipolar

Question 4

blockage of the lateral aperture causes dilation of what?

Answer 4

ventricles

Question 5

sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are located in:

Answer 5

the lateral grey horn

Question 6

grey matter is in what location in the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 6

brain: peripheral

spinal cord: central

Question 7

white matter is in what location in the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

brain: central

spinal cord: peripheral

Question 8

what surround the brain, brainstem and spinal cord?

Answer 8

meninges

Question 9

what are the meninges?

Answer 9

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

Question 10

what are the fluid-filled spaces that communicate with the central canal, and with the subarachnoid space?

Answer 10

ventricles

Question 11

is there an epidural space in cranial cavity?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what makes up grey mater of the spinal cord

Answer 12

1. nerve cell bodies
2. fibers (mostly unmyelinated)
3. glial cells

Question 13

what is the felt-like background of the grey matter?

Answer 13

neuropil

Question 14

what is neuropil composed of?

Answer 14

glial process and unmyelinated nerve processes

Question 15

what types of neurons are in the dorsal and later grey horns?

Answer 15

autonomic

Question 16

what kind of neurons are in the ventral grey horn?

Answer 16

alpha neurons

Question 17

what is white matter in the spinal cord made of?

Answer 17

1. mostly myelinated fibers

2. glia

Question 18

what cells are in the perivascular space responsible for formation and maintenance of vessel basement membrane as well as phagocytosis after injury?

Answer 18

pericytes

Question 19

what cell processes form a sheath around CNS vessels?

Answer 19

astrocyte

Question 20

what forms the blood brain barrier?

Answer 20

tight junctions between endothelial cells

Question 21

are the capillaries fenestrated in the choroid plexus?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

are the capillaries in the blood brain barrier fenestrated?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

what causes hydrocephalus?

Answer 23

defective drainage or absorption of CSF

Question 24

how is the grey matter in the brain stem arranged?

Answer 24

nuclei

Question 25

what is a collection of cell bodies within the brain stem , and deep within the cerebrum and cerebellum?

Answer 25

nuclei

Question 26

what part of the brain coordinates motor activity?

Answer 26

cerebellum

Question 27

what are the zones of cortical grey matter in the cerebellum?

Answer 27

1. molecular (most superficial) 2. purkinje 3. granular

Question 28

layers of the cerebral cortical grey matter

Answer 28

1. molecular layer 2. small pyramidal 3. large pyramidal 4. polymorphic

Question 29

the visceral part of the AND is important for what?

Answer 29

homeostasis

Question 30

the efferent side of the ANS is a 'how many' - neuron system?

Answer 30

2-neuron system 1. first neuron is preganglionic located in the CNS 2. second is postganglionic located in a peripheral ganglion

Question 31

two divisions of the ANS

Answer 31

sympathetic (thoracolumbar) and parasympathetic (craniosacral)

Question 32

sympathetic pre/post ganglionic NTs

Answer 32

pre: acetylcholine post: norepinephrine

Question 33

parasympathetic pre/post ganglionic NTs

Answer 33

both are acetylcholine

Question 34

where are the ganglia for parasympathetic nerves

Answer 34

in or near the organ

Question 35

what is referred to as the "second brain of the gut?"

Answer 35

enteric nervous system

Question 36

what is involuntary activity resulting from the linkage of the afferent to efferent systems?

Answer 36

reflex arc

Question 37

afferent neurons

Answer 37

1. sensory | 2. carry info toward CNS

Question 38

efferent neurons

Answer 38

1. motor | 2. carry info away from the CNS