Urinary Flashcards
I/O
intake and output.
method of evaluating the renal system
totaled at the end of each 24 hour period
average adult water intake
2500 cc/day
water is excreted from?
kidney
lung
skin
feces
urine output amount
up to 2000/day
hourly rate of urine output
> 30 mL/hr
function of the kidney
- maintain proper fluid volume
- secrete renin - regulates BP
- electrolyte composition
- acid/base balance
- produce calcitriolto help maintain bone homeostasis
- secrete erythropoietin - stim RBC production
Creatinine
waste product from muscle metabolism
creatinine reabsorption in tubule
for excretion
1.4 g
nephron processes
- glomerular filtration - filters blood
- tubular secretion
- tubular fluid reabsorption - includes 99% of water
urea
final stage breakdown of amino acids from proteins
urea reabsorption in tubule
25.0 g
creatinine absorption into peritubular capillary
0 g
urea absorption into peritubular capillary
28.0 g
water absorption into peritubular capillary
178.5 L
ADH release results in ?
holding water
process of renin angiotensin system
renin is secreted as a result of decreased renal perfusion pressure and/or decreased salt delivery to Kd tubules =>
renin release with angiotensinogen in Lv => angiotensin I =>
combines with converting enzyme from Lu => angiotensin II =>
1. increased BP (prostaglandin release; vasoconstriction; increase myocardial contraction)
2. renal autoregulation
3. increased circulatory volume (aldosterone and ADH release; Na back in; K out)
factors stimulating ADH release
- falling blood volume
- sympathetic stimulation
- rising Na levels
ADH
produced by hypothalamus
store in posterior pituitary
maintains fluid balance (water retention)
isotonic solutions
same as body fluids
no shift in fluid occurs between ECF and ICF
normal saline
isotonic solutions
same as body fluids
no shift in fluid occurs between ECF and ICF
normal saline - 1 L of NS expands Plasma by 0.25 L
hypertonic solutions
water moves INTO ECF
hypotonic solutions
water moves INTO ICF