Respiratory

Question 1

Temp range

Answer 1

96.8-98.6

Question 2

what regulates temp

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

normal heart rate

Answer 3

80-100 BPM

Question 4

PMI location

Answer 4

5th ics

L mid clavicular line

Question 5

Factors affecting pulse

Answer 5

exercise
temp/heat
emotion/anxiety pain
meds - B blockers
health disruption

Question 6

normal RR

Answer 6

12-20 breaths/min

Question 7

factors affecting respiration

Answer 7

exercise
acute pain
anxiety
smoking
anemia
meds
body position

Question 8

BP

Answer 8

120/80 mm Hg

Question 9

pulse pressure

Answer 9

mathematical difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 10

factors influencing BP

Answer 10

age
stress
ethnicity
gender
diurnal variation - increase in a.m.; decrease in p.m.
meds

Question 11

pain

Answer 11

sensory and emotional experience of discomfort

most common medical complaint

Question 12

upper resp tract structures

Answer 12

nose
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi

Question 13

lower resp structures

Answer 13

bronchioles

alveoli

Question 14

function of upper airway

Answer 14

filter air
warm humidify air
produce mucus to trap material
cough/sneeze to clear

Question 15

what substance keeps alveoli open

Answer 15

surfactant

Question 16

O2 status

Answer 16

LOC 
lung sounds
VS - BP, Respiration, pulse
RR rhythm, symmetry, quality
skin color
capillary refill

Question 17

central stenosis

Answer 17

cyanosis on inside of lips, back of throat, inside of mouth

Question 18

peripheral cyanosis

Answer 18

depends on situation

Question 19

atelectasis

Answer 19

collapse or incomplete expansion of alveoli; state of airlessness in Lu

caused by bronchial obstruction from secretions or excessive pressure on Lu tissue ( pleural effusion)

Question 20

atelectasis interventions

Answer 20

1. TCDB - turn cough deep breath, 10x/hr
2. incentive spirometer
3. humidification
4. hydration

Question 21

bronchitis

Answer 21

inflammation of the bronchi; only affects airway

has copious mucus caused by physical or chemical irritants, viral/bacterial infections

Question 22

pneumonia

Answer 22

dyspnea, chest pain, worse with inspiration, elevated temp, cxr shows infiltration, productive cough

due to bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites; aspirative, hypostatic => fluid at the bottom of the Lu; nosocomial HAP

Question 23

COPD

Answer 23

group of diseases related to obstructed airflow
chronic progressive and irreversible
diminished Lu capacity
Caused by smoking
5th most common cause of death

Question 24

COPD s/s

Answer 24

large barrel shaped chest
prominent accessory musc; use of access musc during respiration
low flat diaphragm
dimished breath sound

Question 25

How much O2 do you use and for what condition? Why?

Answer 25

COPD no more than 2L/min via N/C

because more than 2L/min can suppress the desire to breath on your own

Question 26

COPD interventions

Answer 26

prevention
O2
bronchodilator
corticosteroids
antibx

Question 27

types of bronchodilators

Answer 27

1. Short acting B agonist (SAB) - rescue inhalers
2. Long acting - take 1-2x/day
3. anticholinergics - to help sympathetic effects; prevents constriction of smooth musc of bronchi by blocking parasympathetic sys
4. methylxanthines - oral meds; ie: aminophylline/theophylline; small therapeutic range (10-20 mcg/mL)

Question 28

where are B2 receptors found?

Answer 28

smooth muscle of the BV and bronchi

Question 29

emphysema and s/s

Answer 29

terminal stage of COPD
bronchioles lose elasticity; alveoli dilate to max size

s/s - loss of Lu elasticity; hyperinflation of Lu; dyspnea; increased RR; collapse of bronchioles; same tx as COPD

Question 30

Asthma

Answer 30

chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway
REVERSIBLE
common in children
2 types

Question 31

extrinsic asthma

Answer 31

triggered by allergens
mast cell activation
eosinophil infiltration

Question 32

intrinsic asthma

Answer 32

chemical mediators interact with ANS
causes inflammation and bronchoconstriction
due to infection, drugs, air pollution, cold, dry air exercise, stress
includes exercise induced

Question 33

asthma s/s

Answer 33

wheezing
cough
chest discomfort
recent exposure to irritants, cold, exercise
hx of allergies

Question 34

asthma interventions

Answer 34

prevention
rest
O2
bronchodilators
corticosteroids
antihistamines

Question 35

Quick relief meds for asthma

Answer 35

SAB
anticholinergics
methylxanthines

Question 36

Long acting medications

Answer 36

corticosteroids - decrease inflammation
LAB agonist
Leukotriene modifiers - decrease inflammatory response
take every 12 hrs

Question 37

cystic fibrosis and s/s

Answer 37

autosomal recessive multi system disease due to altered function of exocrine glands
s/s - increased mucous secretion -> obstruction
sweat glands excrete increased amt of NaCl - salty when kiss kids
first s/s occur in kids
fair skinned ppl
affects pancreas and digestion

Question 38

CF treatments

Answer 38

promote clearance of secretions
control infection in Lu
provide adequate nutrition
O2
CPT - chest percussion (cupping)
antibx
mucolytics
bronchodilators
gene therapy

Question 39

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS & ARDS)

Answer 39

progressive loss of lung compliance and increasing hypoxia due to CV collapse, major burns, sever trauma, and rapid depressurization.

need surfactant to keep alveoli open in premies

Question 40

sequence to take respiratory meds

Answer 40

1. bronchodilator
2. corticosteroid
3. anticholinergic

Question 41

which meds can cause thrush

Answer 41

Ipratropium (atrovent)

Budesonide (pulmocort)

Question 42

Vital signs

Answer 42

BP
pulse
temp
RR
pain