Respiratory Flashcards
Temp range
96.8-98.6
what regulates temp
hypothalamus
normal heart rate
80-100 BPM
PMI location
5th ics
L mid clavicular line
Factors affecting pulse
exercise temp/heat emotion/anxiety pain meds - B blockers health disruption
normal RR
12-20 breaths/min
factors affecting respiration
exercise acute pain anxiety smoking anemia meds body position
BP
120/80 mm Hg
pulse pressure
mathematical difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
factors influencing BP
age stress ethnicity gender diurnal variation - increase in a.m.; decrease in p.m. meds
pain
sensory and emotional experience of discomfort
most common medical complaint
upper resp tract structures
nose nasal cavity sinuses pharynx larynx trachea bronchi
lower resp structures
bronchioles
alveoli
function of upper airway
filter air
warm humidify air
produce mucus to trap material
cough/sneeze to clear
what substance keeps alveoli open
surfactant
O2 status
LOC lung sounds VS - BP, Respiration, pulse RR rhythm, symmetry, quality skin color capillary refill
central stenosis
cyanosis on inside of lips, back of throat, inside of mouth
peripheral cyanosis
depends on situation
atelectasis
collapse or incomplete expansion of alveoli; state of airlessness in Lu
caused by bronchial obstruction from secretions or excessive pressure on Lu tissue ( pleural effusion)
atelectasis interventions
- TCDB - turn cough deep breath, 10x/hr
- incentive spirometer
- humidification
- hydration
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi; only affects airway
has copious mucus caused by physical or chemical irritants, viral/bacterial infections
pneumonia
dyspnea, chest pain, worse with inspiration, elevated temp, cxr shows infiltration, productive cough
due to bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites; aspirative, hypostatic => fluid at the bottom of the Lu; nosocomial HAP
COPD
group of diseases related to obstructed airflow chronic progressive and irreversible diminished Lu capacity Caused by smoking 5th most common cause of death
COPD s/s
large barrel shaped chest
prominent accessory musc; use of access musc during respiration
low flat diaphragm
dimished breath sound
How much O2 do you use and for what condition? Why?
COPD no more than 2L/min via N/C
because more than 2L/min can suppress the desire to breath on your own
COPD interventions
prevention O2 bronchodilator corticosteroids antibx
types of bronchodilators
- Short acting B agonist (SAB) - rescue inhalers
- Long acting - take 1-2x/day
- anticholinergics - to help sympathetic effects; prevents constriction of smooth musc of bronchi by blocking parasympathetic sys
- methylxanthines - oral meds; ie: aminophylline/theophylline; small therapeutic range (10-20 mcg/mL)
where are B2 receptors found?
smooth muscle of the BV and bronchi
emphysema and s/s
terminal stage of COPD
bronchioles lose elasticity; alveoli dilate to max size
s/s - loss of Lu elasticity; hyperinflation of Lu; dyspnea; increased RR; collapse of bronchioles; same tx as COPD
Asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway
REVERSIBLE
common in children
2 types
extrinsic asthma
triggered by allergens
mast cell activation
eosinophil infiltration
intrinsic asthma
chemical mediators interact with ANS
causes inflammation and bronchoconstriction
due to infection, drugs, air pollution, cold, dry air exercise, stress
includes exercise induced
asthma s/s
wheezing cough chest discomfort recent exposure to irritants, cold, exercise hx of allergies
asthma interventions
prevention rest O2 bronchodilators corticosteroids antihistamines
Quick relief meds for asthma
SAB
anticholinergics
methylxanthines
Long acting medications
corticosteroids - decrease inflammation
LAB agonist
Leukotriene modifiers - decrease inflammatory response
take every 12 hrs
cystic fibrosis and s/s
autosomal recessive multi system disease due to altered function of exocrine glands
s/s - increased mucous secretion -> obstruction
sweat glands excrete increased amt of NaCl - salty when kiss kids
first s/s occur in kids
fair skinned ppl
affects pancreas and digestion
CF treatments
promote clearance of secretions control infection in Lu provide adequate nutrition O2 CPT - chest percussion (cupping) antibx mucolytics bronchodilators gene therapy
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS & ARDS)
progressive loss of lung compliance and increasing hypoxia due to CV collapse, major burns, sever trauma, and rapid depressurization.
need surfactant to keep alveoli open in premies
sequence to take respiratory meds
- bronchodilator
- corticosteroid
- anticholinergic
which meds can cause thrush
Ipratropium (atrovent)
Budesonide (pulmocort)
Vital signs
BP pulse temp RR pain
