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Fundamental of Nursing > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

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1
Q

It’s major role is to maintain homeostasis by maintaining body fluid composition and volume

A

The Urinary System

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2
Q

Organs in the Upper Urinary Tract

A

*Kidneys
*Ureters

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3
Q

Organs in the Lower Urinary Tract

A

*Urinary Bladder
*Urethra
*Pelvic floor

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4
Q

Blood supply is taken by the (answer)

A

Renal Artery

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5
Q

Kidney’s receive (answer) ml of blood per minute

A

1,200 ml

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6
Q

Kidney’s have a (answer) % cardiac output

A

20-25%

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7
Q

How many liters of blood passes in the Kidney per hour?

A

72 liters

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8
Q

Is excreted via urine

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

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9
Q

3 steps in urine formation

A

Glomerular formation
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

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10
Q

The fluid that enters the capsule is called (answer)

A

Glomerular filtrate

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11
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is (answer) ml/min

A

125

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12
Q

Urine is formed (answer) ml/min; (answer) ml/hour; (answer) ml/day

A

0.5-1 ml/min

60 ml/hour

1,500 ml/day

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13
Q

Water and solute move from the blood to the glomerular capsule

A

Glomerular filtration

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14
Q

It is the movement of substances from the filtrate in the kidney tubules into the blood in the peritubular capillaries

A

Tubular reabsorption

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15
Q

Only (answer) % of the filtrate remains in the tubules to become urine

A

1%

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16
Q

Water is absorbed by (answer), while most solutes are reabsorbed by (answer)

A

(1) Osmosis
(2) Active transportation

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17
Q

It is the movement of water
across a selectively
permeable membrane from
an area of high water
potential (low solute
concentration) to an area of
low water potential (high
solute concentration).

A

Osmosis

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18
Q

It is the transport of substances from the blood into the renal tubule

A

Tubular secretion

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19
Q

What is primarily eliminated in the body in tubular secretion?

A

Potassium and hydrogen

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20
Q

What are eliminated in the body in tubular secretion?

A

Ammonia, Uric Acid, and some drug metabolites

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21
Q

Kidney Functions

A

1) Excretes waste products of protein metabolism
2) Maintains acid base balances
3) Maintain fluid & electrolyte balance
4) Produces enzymes & hormones

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22
Q

This is done by the kidneys together with the lungs where lungs control acid-base balance by controlling (answer)

A

C02

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23
Q

The kidneys use (answer) mechanism to regulate acid-base balance

A

ammonia

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24
Q

Decreased sodium concentration of the in the blood

A

Hyponatremia

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25
Q

Inadequate amount of potassium in ECF due to diarrhea

A

Hypokalemia

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26
Q

Results in GI losses/ GI fluid loss

A

Hyponatremia

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27
Q

Results in Vomiting and other GI losses

A

Hypokalemia

28
Q

Increase sodium concentration in the blood due to fever/diarrhea

A

Hypernatremia

29
Q

Results to metabolic alkalosis where there is a heavy loss of acid from the body; increase levels of HC03 (Bicarbonate)

A

Excessive vomiting

30
Q

Secretory functions of colon aids electrolyte balance is secreted in exchange of chloride

A

IN GIT

31
Q

Serious alterations like in diarrhea can cause severe (answer)

A

electrolyte disturbance

32
Q

The four organs of water loss

A

Lungs
Kidneys
Skin
GI tract

33
Q

The body is (answer)% water

A

60-70%

34
Q

Kidney contains (answer) ml of water

A

1,200-1,500 %

35
Q

Skin (precipitation) contains (answer) ml of water

A

500-600 ml

36
Q

Lungs (breathing) contains (answer) ml of water

A

300-400 ml

37
Q

GI tract (feces) contains (answer) ml of water

A

100-200 ml

38
Q

Factors that affect water content

A

Age
Sex
Body Size

39
Q

Regulates blood flow in times of renal ischemia

A

Renin

40
Q

Renin are released from (answer)

A
41
Q

Renin belongs to the (answer) system

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

42
Q

It is present in the kidneys for maintaining normal RBC

A

Erythropoietin

43
Q

Used to treat anemia of patients with chronic renal disease

A

Erythropoietin

44
Q

Transmits urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

Ureters

45
Q

Transmits urine from the kidney to the bladder by the process called (answer)

A

peristalsis

46
Q

Stores and excretes urine

A

Urinary bladder

46
Q

Urinary bladder is capable of holding (answer) ml of urine with (answer) ml maximum

A

(1) 400-500 ml
(2) 1,000 ml

47
Q

Urinary bladder is composed of three layers of (answer)

A

detrusor muscles

48
Q

Transports urine outside through the urethral meatus

A

Urethra

49
Q

Factors influencing urination

A

1) Infection control and hygiene
2) Growth & development
3) Psychosocial functions
4) Socio-cultural factors
5) Psychological factor
6) Disease condition
7) Muscle tone
8)Fluid balance
9) Surgical procedure
10) Diagnostic examination

50
Q

Involuntary passage of urine when control should be established

A

Enuresis

51
Q

Involuntary passing of urine during sleep

A

Nocturnal Enuresis (Bed wetting)

52
Q

A type of enuresis related to other physical problem such as stress or illness

A

Secondary enuresis

53
Q

Excessive urination during night (not involuntary and different from nocturnal enuresis)

A

Nocturia

54
Q

What does Bright orange to rust color in urine indicate?

A

Phenazopyridine

55
Q

What does Green or blue discoloration in urine indicate?

A

Amitriptyline

56
Q

What does Brown or black discoloration in urine indicate?

A

Levodopa

57
Q

What type of altered urine function is the production of abnormally large amount of urine?

A

Polyuria

58
Q

What type of altered urine function is decreased urine output?

A

Oliguria

59
Q

Lack of urine output is (answer) ml/hr.

A

0-10 ml

60
Q

Accumulation of urine in the bladder as the result of the inability of the bladder to empty

A

Urinary Retention

61
Q

Painful urination

A

Dysuria

62
Q

What is the most common pathogenic cause in UTI?

A

Escherichia Coli or E. Coli

63
Q

Involuntary urination, a symptom not a disease

A

Urinary Incontinence

64
Q

What is the normal color and clarity in urine?

A

Straw, amber and transparent

Fundamental of Nursing (6 decks)

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