Urinary Flashcards
It’s major role is to maintain homeostasis by maintaining body fluid composition and volume
The Urinary System
Organs in the Upper Urinary Tract
*Kidneys
*Ureters
Organs in the Lower Urinary Tract
*Urinary Bladder
*Urethra
*Pelvic floor
Blood supply is taken by the (answer)
Renal Artery
Kidney’s receive (answer) ml of blood per minute
1,200 ml
Kidney’s have a (answer) % cardiac output
20-25%
How many liters of blood passes in the Kidney per hour?
72 liters
Is excreted via urine
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
3 steps in urine formation
Glomerular formation
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
The fluid that enters the capsule is called (answer)
Glomerular filtrate
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is (answer) ml/min
125
Urine is formed (answer) ml/min; (answer) ml/hour; (answer) ml/day
0.5-1 ml/min
60 ml/hour
1,500 ml/day
Water and solute move from the blood to the glomerular capsule
Glomerular filtration
It is the movement of substances from the filtrate in the kidney tubules into the blood in the peritubular capillaries
Tubular reabsorption
Only (answer) % of the filtrate remains in the tubules to become urine
1%
Water is absorbed by (answer), while most solutes are reabsorbed by (answer)
(1) Osmosis
(2) Active transportation
It is the movement of water
across a selectively
permeable membrane from
an area of high water
potential (low solute
concentration) to an area of
low water potential (high
solute concentration).
Osmosis
It is the transport of substances from the blood into the renal tubule
Tubular secretion
What is primarily eliminated in the body in tubular secretion?
Potassium and hydrogen
What are eliminated in the body in tubular secretion?
Ammonia, Uric Acid, and some drug metabolites
Kidney Functions
1) Excretes waste products of protein metabolism
2) Maintains acid base balances
3) Maintain fluid & electrolyte balance
4) Produces enzymes & hormones
This is done by the kidneys together with the lungs where lungs control acid-base balance by controlling (answer)
C02
The kidneys use (answer) mechanism to regulate acid-base balance
ammonia
Decreased sodium concentration of the in the blood
Hyponatremia
Inadequate amount of potassium in ECF due to diarrhea
Hypokalemia
Results in GI losses/ GI fluid loss
Hyponatremia
Results in Vomiting and other GI losses
Hypokalemia
Increase sodium concentration in the blood due to fever/diarrhea
Hypernatremia
Results to metabolic alkalosis where there is a heavy loss of acid from the body; increase levels of HC03 (Bicarbonate)
Excessive vomiting
Secretory functions of colon aids electrolyte balance is secreted in exchange of chloride
IN GIT
Serious alterations like in diarrhea can cause severe (answer)
electrolyte disturbance
The four organs of water loss
Lungs
Kidneys
Skin
GI tract
The body is (answer)% water
60-70%
Kidney contains (answer) ml of water
1,200-1,500 %
Skin (precipitation) contains (answer) ml of water
500-600 ml
Lungs (breathing) contains (answer) ml of water
300-400 ml
GI tract (feces) contains (answer) ml of water
100-200 ml
Factors that affect water content
Age
Sex
Body Size
Regulates blood flow in times of renal ischemia
Renin
Renin are released from (answer)
Renin belongs to the (answer) system
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
It is present in the kidneys for maintaining normal RBC
Erythropoietin
Used to treat anemia of patients with chronic renal disease
Erythropoietin
Transmits urine from the kidney to the bladder
Ureters
Transmits urine from the kidney to the bladder by the process called (answer)
peristalsis
Stores and excretes urine
Urinary bladder
Urinary bladder is capable of holding (answer) ml of urine with (answer) ml maximum
(1) 400-500 ml
(2) 1,000 ml
Urinary bladder is composed of three layers of (answer)
detrusor muscles
Transports urine outside through the urethral meatus
Urethra
Factors influencing urination
1) Infection control and hygiene
2) Growth & development
3) Psychosocial functions
4) Socio-cultural factors
5) Psychological factor
6) Disease condition
7) Muscle tone
8)Fluid balance
9) Surgical procedure
10) Diagnostic examination
Involuntary passage of urine when control should be established
Enuresis
Involuntary passing of urine during sleep
Nocturnal Enuresis (Bed wetting)
A type of enuresis related to other physical problem such as stress or illness
Secondary enuresis
Excessive urination during night (not involuntary and different from nocturnal enuresis)
Nocturia
What does Bright orange to rust color in urine indicate?
Phenazopyridine
What does Green or blue discoloration in urine indicate?
Amitriptyline
What does Brown or black discoloration in urine indicate?
Levodopa
What type of altered urine function is the production of abnormally large amount of urine?
Polyuria
What type of altered urine function is decreased urine output?
Oliguria
Lack of urine output is (answer) ml/hr.
0-10 ml
Accumulation of urine in the bladder as the result of the inability of the bladder to empty
Urinary Retention
Painful urination
Dysuria
What is the most common pathogenic cause in UTI?
Escherichia Coli or E. Coli
Involuntary urination, a symptom not a disease
Urinary Incontinence
What is the normal color and clarity in urine?
Straw, amber and transparent
