Concept of Man, Health and Illness Flashcards
encompasses behaviors, emotional
state, attitudes, values, motives,
abilities, habits and appearances
Person’s total character
encompasses perception of self
separate and distinct entity alone and in
interactions with others
Self-identity
encompasses the way the person
interprets the environment and situation, directly
affecting how he or she thinks, feels and acts in any
given situation.
Person’s Perceptions
THE 4 ATTRIBUTES OF HUMAN BEING
1) The capacity to think or
conceptualize on the abstract
level
2) Family formation
3) The tendency to seek and
maintain territory
4) The ability to use verbal
symbols as language, a
means of developing and
maintaining culture
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1945)
Health
A condition or quality of the human organism expressing
adequate functioning in given conditions, genetic or
environmental
Health
a holistic integration of physical, mental,
and spiritual well-being, fueling the body, engaging
the mind, and nurturing the spirit
Wellness
Different concepts of Health
Bio-medical
Ecological Concept
Psychosocial Concept
Holistic Concept
encompasses 8 mutually interdependent
dimensions: physical, intellectual, emotional, social,
spiritual, vocational, financial, and environmental
Wellness
This includes eating right, getting regular exercise,
and being at your recommended body weight.
Physical health is also avoiding drugs and
alcohol and being free of disease and sickness
Physical Dimension
the quality of your
relationships with friends, family, teachers,
and others you are in contact with.
Social Dimension
Being aware of the unstable state of the earth
and the effects of your daily habits on the
physical environment
Environmental Dimension
expressing your emotions in a positive, nondestructive way, accept your
limitations, achieving emotional stability.
Emotional Dimension
maintaining harmonious
relationships with other living things and having
spiritual direction and purpose.
Spiritual Dimension
ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of daily life
Intellectual / Mental Dimension
get personal fulfillment from jobs or chosen career fields while still maintaining the
balance in life.
Occupational Dimension
Managing your resources to live within your
means, making informed financial decisions
and investments, setting realistic goals, and
preparing for short-term and long-term
needs or emergencies
Financial Dimension
Is a state of social dysfunction.
Sickness
subjective state of person who feels aware of not being well with evident
signs and symptoms
Illness
Is maladjustment (physiological/psychological of the human being to its
environment) and a pathological process, most often physical as in throat infection, or cancer of
the bronchus, sometimes undetermined in origin, as in schizophrenia.
Disease
Narrowest interpretation of health; opposite of
health is disease or injury
Absence of disease
The absence of signs and symptoms of disease
indicates health
Illness would be the presence of conspicuous signs and symptoms of disease
Clinical Model
Health is based on the ability to fulfill societal roles.
Sickness is the inability to perform one’s work
Role performance includes work, family and societal roles with
performance based on societal expectations
Illness would be the future to perform a person’s role at the level of
others in society.
This model is basis for work and school physical examination and
physician-excused absences
Role Performance Model
Health is a creative process
Disease is a failure in adaptation or
maladaptation
Extreme good health is flexible adaptation
to the environment
Focus is stability
The aim of treatment is to restore the
ability of the person to adapt
Adaptive Model
Health is seen as a condition of actualization or realization of a person’s
potential while illness is a condition that prevents self-actualization.
Eudemonistic Model
Ecological model: when the 3 variables (agent-host-environment) are in balance, health is maintained;
when variables are not in balance, disease occurs.
Agent-Host-Environment Model
Physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental or spiritual functioning is
diminished or impaired compared with previous experience
Illness
A definable pathologic state that progresses directly
to disease without a known intermediate step, and whose
presence substantially increases the likelihood of disease
Precursors of Illness
Many health conditions run in families.
Hereditary
Aspects of Sick Role
One is not held responsible for his condition
One is excused from social roles
One is obliged to get well as soon as possible
One is obliged to seek for competent help
Is any situation, habit, social or environmental condition, physiological
psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or
spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an
individual or group to an illness or accident
Risk factors
RISK FACTORS OF A
DISEASE
Genetic and physiological factors
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
Agent factors
Biological
Nutritional
Physical
Chemical
Mechanical
Hereditary
Social
refers to the proportion of exposed persons who become infected
Infectivity
refers to the proportion of infected
individuals who develop clinically
apparent disease
Pathogenicity
refers to the proportion of clinically
apparent cases that are severe or fatal
Virulence
actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating or
minimizing the impact of disease and disability.
DISEASE
PREVENTION
A situation when there is a high incidence of new cases of a specific disease in
excess of the expected.
Epidemic
Habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic location
accounting for the low number of both immunes and susceptible.
Endemic
global occurrence of a disease, bigger population
Pandemic
disease occurs every now and then affecting only a small number of
people relative to the total population intermittent
Sporadic
