Urinary Flashcards
How is controlled the uretheral motility?
It has its own peristatltism in normal conditions, but in obstruction situations, it is controlled by SNs:
- Alfa: contraction
- Beta: relaxation
In which percentage of cases the medical treatment for obstructive uretheroliths is effective?
10% (study of 2023: 30% in cats)
Which bacteria are responsible of estruvite uroliths?
Urease-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Corynebacterium and Mycoplasma)
Which are the interventionism procedures for uretheral diseases?
- Stent: dog (retrograde) and cat (anterograde)
- SUB: dog and cat (one of the preferred options in cats)
- Lithotripsy: only dogs
What is a circumcaval ureter?
Is a congenital anomaly characterized by a ventral displacement of the cava vein, crossing over the ureter resulting in compression
Which is the most common primary uretheral neoplasia in dogs?
Fibroepithelial polyp
Which is the most common cause of urether obstruction in cats?
Uretheroliths (75%) > stricture > pyonephrosis
**30% response to medical tt
Which are the most common used drugs for overactive bladder?
Antimuscarínic agents (oxybutinin, imipramine)
Which is the etiopathogeny of a detrusor atony?
- Sacral spinal cord or pelvic nerve damage
- Direct damage to the detrusor muscle
Which is the difference between diazepam, tamsulosin and prazosin for detrusor urethral dyssinergy?
- Diazepam: external sphincter
- Tamsulosine: internal sphicnter
- Prazosin: internal and external sphicnter
Which are the most common causes of urinary incontinence in dogs and cats?
- Dogs:
—- Ectopic urether
—- USMI - Cats:
—- Neurologic (spinal diseases) <– worst prognosis
—- Urethral obstruction
Which is the etiopathogenesis of CIF?
Neurogenic etiology:
- Changes in sensorial function: increase in P substance and increase in NK1 receptor
- Abnormalities in dorsal ganglion root
- Abnormalities in the “stress response system” <– activated by:
—- Peripherally/local factors: inflammation/infection
—- Central factors: environmental menace
–> activation of SNs –> increase in permeability –> inflammation (acute –> if persistent: chronic)
Of the cats with FIC, which is the prevalence of cats that mantain a chronic FIC and which is the prevalence of relapses?
- 15% of cats with CIF can mantain a chronic FIC
- 40-50% of cats with FIC can have relapses in 1-2y
In which percentage of dogs with ectopic ureters urinary incontinence persists despite surgery?
~50%
Which is the ethiology of urethritis?
- 1ary:
—- Proliferative:
——– 2ary to chronic bacterial infection
——– Immunomediated
—- Granulomatous
—- Lymphoplasmocytic - 2ary
Which breed is most affected to prostatic disorders?
Scottish Terrier
Which are the differents drugs used in a beningn prostatic hyperplasia?
- Used for dx:
—- Ypozane: osaterone acetat (blocks transport of testosterona to the prostate)
—- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
—- Deslorelin - Used for tt:
—- Finasteride: block the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (5 alfa reductase inhibitor)
Which prevalence of dogs with prostatic neoplasia have methastases at diagnosis?
80%
In which situations treatment for subclinical bacteriuria can be considered?
- Infection with Corynebacterium –> can cause encruisting cystitis
- Infection with urease positive bacteria –> can cause struvite crystals/urolithiasis
- If it is thought that the bacteriuria is the origin of the problem in other site (pyelonephritis, systemic infection, etc)
Which is the definition of a sporadic bacterial cystitis?
Presence of a urinary tract infection (with sediment +/- culture) in an animal with LUT signs, that follow the next guides:
- Health female or neutered male (in a entire male, prostatits should be considered)
- Non anatomic/estructural disease in the urinary bladder
- <3 episodes in 12m or <3m between episodes
Which potential preventive therapies for recurrent UTIs can be considered?
- Low doses ab at long term
- No ab use:
—- Antiadherence:
——– D mannose
——– Cranberry extract
——– GAG
—- Bacterial interference:
——– Probiotics
——– Intra vesical e Coli
Which is the percentage of exit of struvite medical dissolution?
60%
Which uroliths can first be managed medially to avoid a surgery?
Struvite, cystine, urate (hereditary, no due to hepatic diseases) and xantine secondary to allopurinol
Which other aa deficiencies can be presented in a cat with cystine uroliths?
- Cystin
- Ornithine
- Lysine
- Arginine
(due to COLA deficiency)
Which causes can produce dicolorated urine?
- Yellow:
—- normal
—- concentrated
—- bilirrubin
—- other: phenol red - Pink/Red/Brown/Black:
—- hematuria, hemoglobinuria, mioglobinuria, metahemoglobinuria
—- congo red, ryphampicin, doxorrubicin, phenol red, melanin - Blue:
—- methylene blue
—- mitoxantrone - Green:
—- biliverdin, urate crystals
—- methylene blue - White:
—- pyuria, lipiduria, crystals
