Hemathology Flashcards
What type or hypersensitivity reaction mostly cause Immunemediated Polyarthritis?
Type III
Which is the most common form of inflammatory joint disease?
Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA)
How is the synovial cytology of Feline Periosteal Proliferative Polyarthritis?
Aseptic neutrophilic inflammation, and with cronicity the inflammatory nature may become lymphoplasmacytic.
Which are the causes of hypercynetic pulses in anemia?
Low viscosity (R = viscosity / r^4 –> reduced resistence) together with a compensatory increase cardiac output
Which are the most vasomotor intrinsic factors?
- Endothelin and thromboxane: vasoconstriction
- NO, Prostaciclins, Bradikinin, Histamine: vasodilation
Why an hypoadrenocorticism cause hyperemia?
Cortisol is necessary for normal response to adrenaline and inhibits NO synthesis.
–> absence of cortisol: no response to catecholamines + increase NO production.
In which region of the kidney is produced the EPO?
Peritubular interstitial cells of the intern cortex and extern medulla
Which is the half life of every blood cell?
- RBC: ~100d
- Platelets: ~10d
- Neutrophils: Blood 5h, Tissues 5d
- Lymphocytes/monocytes: months
Which are the most common causes of SEVERE non-regenerative anemia?
- DOG: immune-mediated conditions (aplastic anemia, pure red cell aplasia, non-regenerative IMHA)
- CAT: FeLV infection
Which are the main inherited defects of the RBC?
Stability mb deffects:
- Stomatocytosis: Alaskan Malamutes
- Spherocytosis: Golden R
RBC energy metabolism deffects:
- Phosphofructokinase deficit: dog
- Piruvate kinase deficit: dog, cat
Which is the gold standard to confirm an iron deficiency in dogs?
Prussian Blue bone marrow staining (but no in cats because don’t have stainable iron)
Which are the breeds predisposed to microcytosis/macrocytosis?
- Microcytosis: SharPei, Siberian Husky
- Macrocytosis: poodle
What does the “Erythrocyte sedimentation rate” evaluate?
It is a new marker that permits to detect INFLAMMATION in dogs. Correlated with the other inflammatory markers.
Inflammatory process:
- Faster ESR
- AoC > A > C
Which can be a potential cause of polycitemia vera?
JAK2 mutation
Which are the most common drugs causing neutropenia?
Cloramphenicol, azathyoprine, phenobarbital, phenylbutazone, methymazole, sulfonamides
Which are the most common causes of extreme leukocytosis?
- Infectious (29%): but bacterial diseases only 22% –> not to use antibiotics immediately
- Neoplasia (28%)
- Immune-mediated (14%)
- Necrosis
Which are the most common causes of thrombocytosis in dogs? And cats?
DOGS:
- Neoplasia (55%): carcinoma
- Inflammatory (46%): immune-mediated > GI/hepatob/renal
- Endocrine (22%): Cushing > DM > hipoT4
CATS:
- Inflammatory (55%): GI > hepatob > immune-mediated
- Neoplasia (44%): lymphoma
Which is the interpretation of a synovial fluid analyses?
- NORMAL:
—- DOG: < 3000 cels, < 2.5Pt, most mononuclear cells and <10% neutros
—- CAT: <1000 cels, <2.5Pt, same differential count as dog - DEGENERATIVE:
Mild cellular count increase (usually <5000), mononuclear cells
Increase Pt - INFLAMMATORY:
Cellular count increase (usually >5000), neutrophyls
Increase Pt
Which are the main regions to take a bone marrow sample?
- Greater tubercle of proximal humer
- Iliac crest of the pelvis
- Trocanteric fossa of proximal femur
Which is the differential count of a lymph node evaluation?
NORMAL:
- 90% small lymphocytes
- 10% medium/large lymphocytes
- Low numbers neutros, macrophages, plasmatic cells, mastocytes
REACTIVE (HYPERPLASIA):
- 10-30% medium/large lymphocytes
- Little increase neutros, macrophages, plasmatic cells
LYMPHADENITIS:
- NEUTROPH: <5% neutros
- PYOGRANULOMATOUS: <5% neutros and macrophages
- EOSINOPH: >5% eos
- MACROPHAGIC: <5% macrophages
Which is the most common lymphocyte subpopulation in a cat reactive lymph node?
CD18
Which are the action mechanisms of glucocorticoids as immune-supressor agents?
- Inhibit production of pro-inflammatory cells (IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, TNFalfa, IFNgamma), adhesion molecules and chemokines
- Inhibit activation of lymphocytes and phagocytes and antigen processing and presentation to T cells
- Inhibit complement
- Decrease antibody binding
How can some dogs breed affect the Azathyoprine metabolism?
- Giant Shnauzer: low thyopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity –> more azathyoprine toxicity
- Alaskan malamute: high TPMT activity
Which is the percentage of MMF adverse effects?
25% (25% GI signs)