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Fundamentals 209 Veron 1 Cardio > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

backup of urine in the kidney - blockage

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2
Q

ileal conduit

A

Urinary diversion of urine through the ileum

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3
Q

cystectomy

A

removal of the bladder

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4
Q

How much of filtrate reabsorbed by kidneys

A

99% reabsorbed
1% excreted as urine

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5
Q

what is creatinine

A

waste product from metabolism
elevated levels - means kidneys not functioning

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6
Q

detrusor muscle

A

smooth muscle that lines the bladder
contracts during urination- usually takes 250-400 ml to stretch it enough to contract it

Sympathetic - relaxes it to allow storage of urine

Parasympathetic - contracts it to allow for urination

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7
Q

Where does urine filtration take place?

A

Glomerulus

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8
Q

What is the average amount of urine per void for an adult?

A

250-500 ml

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9
Q

Adult normal voids per day?

A

6-8x

on awakening

within an hour after a meal

before bed

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10
Q

Average Adult Daily Void. Total

A

1,200-1,500

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11
Q

How much urine per hour would be an ECF deficit?

A

less than 30 ml/hr

possible renal failure

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12
Q

What is a neurogenic bladder?

A

Bladder dysfunction (Flaccid or Spastic) caused by neurogenic damage

brain or spinal cord injury

Overflow incontinence,

frequency (urinating often)

Urgency (I have to go now),

Urge incontinence, and retention. (Do not know when bladder is full)

Possible causes:

Stroke, parkinson’s, problem with reflex arc, spinal cord)

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13
Q

Stress Incontinence

A

Increased abdominal pressure causes small losses of urine.

RX - kegels, weight loss, estrogen

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14
Q

Urge Urinary incontinence

A

Overactive detrusor muscle, bladder infection, alcohol, caffeine,

External sphincter not holding

Try timed voiding or anticholinergic drugs - atropine

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15
Q

Reflex urinary incontinence

A

Predictable urinary loss when certain volume reached

Spinal cord injury, flaccid neurogenic bladder

Straight cath, anti-chol drugs

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16
Q

Functional urinary incontinence

A

Normally continent person

has altered environment mobility deficits

assistance, routine.

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17
Q

Urinary diversion

A

Nephrostomy tube

tube directly from the kidney to the skin

Ilial conduit

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18
Q

Urinary Retension

A

No void for 8-12 hours or frequent voids of 50-100 ml per void.

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19
Q

Pyelonephritis

Cystitis

Urethritis

A

Pyelonephritis - kidney infection

Cystitis - bladder infection

Urethritis- urethra infection

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20
Q

Percussion of a full bladder will sound _____

A

dull

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21
Q

What is a random urine sample

A

Not sterile. not looking for an infection

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22
Q

what is a clean catch or midstream urine sample

A

Looking for infection

Culture and sensitivity

Culture - what is the bacteria

sensitivity - what antibiotic will kill the bacteria

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23
Q

what is 24 hour specimen

A

start in morning, discard first urine

need ll voids,

refrigerate. use special container

checks for protein, uric acid, hormones,

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24
Q

what is normal urine pH

A

pH 6 normal range 4.6-8

<6 is respiratory or metabolic acidosis, diet high in meat, DM, starvation

>6 (alkaline) UTI respiratory alkalosis

25
Q

Specific Gravity

normal

A

1.015-1.025

Normal 1.020.

Higher is concentrated 1.030. HIGH=DRY. Dehydration, N/V, Fever, Fluid Loss

LOW -DILUTE - DI, renal disease, diuretics fluid loss, increased fluid intake

26
Q

URINE COLORS

A

Light - increased fluid

Dark - decreased fluid

Pink, red, dark brown - blood in urine

pink, orange, red, brown, blue-green - meds or foods

27
Q

Patient in bathroom, can you leave?

A

No

28
Q

Proactive voiding is

every ____ hours

A

4

29
Q

Voiding regimens

every _____ hours

for altered function

A

2 hours

30
Q

smoking will _____the bladder

A

constrict

31
Q

What is IAD

A

Incontinence associated dermatitis

prevent with good perineal hygiene

32
Q

Indications for indwelling catheter

A
  1. Critical or acute/severely ill
  2. Not able to manage with intermittent cath
  3. Stage 3 and 4 pressure injuries on sacrum
  4. Terminally ill
  5. If need continuous bladder irrigation

INFECTION POSSIBLE with foley and stool incontinence and poor hygiene

33
Q

Indications for straight cath

A
  1. Need sterile specimen
  2. Check residual volume
  3. Intermittent/routine emptying for patients with neurogenic bladder
34
Q

Why use a triple-lumen cath?

A

To irrigate bladder,

remove blood clots after surgery

35
Q

Polyuria?

Polydipsia

Polyphagia

A

POLY = increase

increase in urination -uria

Increase in thirst -dipsia - water dipper

Increase in appetite -phagia

36
Q

Cystectomy

is managed by—-

A

When Bladder removed

section of ileum is used to make a bladder than it comes out in the front as an ostomy

ilial conduit

37
Q

Why a Nephrostomy tube?

A

If blockage in the ureter, tube goes from the kidney to the skin

38
Q

urostomy

A
39
Q

Coude Catheter

A

Used for BPH, curved

40
Q

Bladder Ultra Sound

A

key tool

Kidney under 12th rib

41
Q

Patient loses a small amount of urine when sneezing

this is _______in continence

A

Stress

42
Q

Patient cannot void supine

what is the intervention

A

assist to standing

43
Q

Patient is incontinent when being transferred from chair to bed

This is _______inconinence

A

functional

44
Q

What med could increase urination

A

cholinergic agents

45
Q

Residual volume of ______ ml is normal

A

<50 ml

46
Q

What is normal

Smegma or reddened meatus

A

Smegma

47
Q

Normal urinary volume

A

500-3000ml

2000ml

more than 3000 is abnormal

48
Q

Would patient after prostatic resection need continuous bladder irrigation?

A

Yes prevents blood clots

49
Q

Patient cannot retain urine due to loss of mobility

this is _______incontinence

A

functional

50
Q

What would cause dark amber aromatic urine

A

Hypovolemia

N/V

51
Q

Use _____ water for bladder irrigation

A

Sterile

Nephrostomy tube irrigation

52
Q

A patient is having a seizure

This would cause ______incontinence

A

Total

53
Q

Patient has a delay in reaching the bathroom.

This is _____incontinence

A

urge

54
Q

After surgery, generally how soon will the catheter be removed?

_____hours

A

within 24 hours

55
Q

Factors affecting urinary elimination

A

Fluid intake,

loss of body fluid

nutrition

body position, cognition, UTI, hypotension, Neuro injury, decreased muscle tone, PG, surgery, medications

NOT - Time of arising or HYPERtension

56
Q

Catheter output is low,

what should the nurse access

A

kink in tubing

57
Q

Steps in taking urine sample from cath

A
  1. wipe port with alcohol
  2. attach syringe to port
  3. withdraw 3-30 ml
  4. transfer urine to collection container
  5. transport to lab
58
Q

inserting cath

tell patient to…..

A

bear down as if to void. relaxes sphinicter

Fundamentals 209 Veron 1 Cardio (4 decks)

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