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Midwifery Practice 1 Exam > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Define urinalysis

A

According to studies for midwifery practice, urinalysis is defined as the testing of both the physical characteristics and composition of freshly voided urine

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2
Q

Why do we carry out urinalysis?

A

Simple and non invasive
Reliable for diagnosing signs and symptoms of diseases in early stages
Immediate results
Monitor well-being and deviations from the norm

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3
Q

What is the composition of urine?

A

pH 4.5-8
Mainly water (96%)
Epithelial cells and leukocytes
Protein and glucose in tiny amounts

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4
Q

What 3 things do we observe?

A

Odour
Clarity
Colour

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5
Q

What is the problem if urine is bright red?

A

Bleeding from the bladder

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6
Q

What does green urine indicate?

A

pseudomonas infection

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7
Q

What does dark red iron indicate?

A

Bleeding from kidneys or ureter

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8
Q

What does pink urine indicate?

A

Less fresh blood

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9
Q

What does brown urine indicate?

A

Bilirubin

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10
Q

What does orange urine indicate?

A

Dehydrated

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11
Q

What is pH?

A

acidic content of urine
a low pH means it’s more acidic than normal
could indicate calculus in the bladder or kidney

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12
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

The kidneys ability to dilute or concentrate urine
Low levels= water diuresis
High levels= dehydrated

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13
Q

What is an MSSU?

A

Mid stream specimen of urine

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14
Q

If urine smells sweet, what does that indicate?

A

Ketones in the urine

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15
Q

What does an offensive/ fishy smell indicate?

A

Infection

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16
Q

What is the clarity of urine when freshly voided?

A

Transparent

17
Q

What happens to the clarity when urine is left to stand?

A

Turns cloudy

18
Q

If urine is cloudy, what may have cause it?

A

Proteinuria and bacteriuria

19
Q

What does foamy urine indicate?

A

Bilirubin or protein

20
Q

If urine is thick, what does it indicate?

A

Infection

21
Q

What causes bilirubinuria?

A

Hepatic or bilary disease

A false positive may be caused by certain drugs
A false negative means sample is stale or exposed to sunlight

22
Q

What does Haematuria indicate?

A

Blood in urine

Infection
Trauma
Tumour
Calculi

23
Q

What may cause haematuria?

A

Contamination from vagina

Haemorrhoids during labour

24
Q

What colour does haematuria turn urine?

A

pink or red

25
Q

What does ketonuria indicate?

A

excessive breakdown of body fats

26
Q

What may cause ketonuria?

A

Fasting
Dehydration
Vomiting
Uncontrolled diabetes

27
Q

What is glycosuria?

A

When blood glucose levels rise or renal absorption lowers

It indicates gestational diabetes

28
Q

What do nitrites in the urine indicate?

A

Urinary tract infection

29
Q

What does proteinuria indicate?

A

Contaminated specimen
Infection
Underlying renal disease

30
Q

What diagnosis is proteinuria significant in?

A

Pre-eclampsia

31
Q

What is a reagency stick?

A

Dip stick that is used to dip into urine to determine whether urine sample is normal

32
Q

What do large quantities of urobilinogen indicate?

A

Liver abnormalities or excessive haemolysis

33
Q

Explain the procedure for urinalysis

A
  1. In line with the NMC code you must gain informed consent
  2. Following the world health organisation procedure, wash hands and don PPE
  3. Observe the urine for colour, clarity and odour
  4. Ensure reagency strips are in date
  5. Insert stick in urine so it is fully submerged
  6. Quickly pull it out so the colours do not run
  7. Place strip to blot on paper towel
  8. Read reagent pads at specified times
  9. Hold strip close to colour chart and read in good lighting
  10. Dispose of urine and strip appropriately
  11. Remove PPE and wash hands
  12. Discuss findings with the woman
  13. Document findings in line with the NMC code and act appropriately

Midwifery Practice 1 Exam (8 decks)

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