Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OS Renal > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal urinary specific gravity?

A

1.010 isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the max and minimum urine specific gravities?

A
  1. 002 max dilute

1. 030 max concentrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal urine pH range?

A

5.0-6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pH in metabolic acidosis?

A

<5.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does a high urine pH above 7.5 suggest?

A

UTI with urea splitting bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does glycosuria in the presence of normal blood glucose suggest?

A

Proximal tubule dysfunction, e.g., Fanconi syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does nitrite in urine suggest?

A

Should be absent so suggests UTI. Nitrate is normal though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does leukocyte esterase in urine mean?

A

Probably UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal max protein excretion in urine per day?

A

<150mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which protein(s) is directly measured by the urinalysis?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What test can be done to measure all proteins in the urine?

A

Sulfosalicylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does a positive urine anion gap suggest?

A

Renal tubular acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does a negative anion gap suggest (urine)?

A

GI issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What results would lead you to think rhabdo or hemolysis?

A

Positive Hgb or myoglobin with negative RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can you distinguish renal vs. non-renal hematuria?

A 
Only renal will have:
Dysmorphic RBCs in sediment
RBC casts
No clots
Usually heavy proteinuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do renal tubular epithelial cells in the urine suggest?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

17
Q

When do hyaline casts appear in the urine?

A

Normal to have a few

Could indicate volume depletion

18
Q

What are the matrixes of all casts made of?

A

Tamm-Horsfall protein, made in thick ALH

19
Q

What do waxy casts look like and suggest?

A

Large and dense; white line on border; sharp broken ends

Renal failure - chronic kidney disease

20
Q

What shape are uric acid crystals?

A

Rhombi/hexagons

21
Q

What do calcium oxalate crystals look like and suggest?

A

“Envelope” / diamonds

suggests stones

22
Q

Triple phosphate crystals - appearance and meaning?

A

“Coffin lids” or gold bars

Suggest infection

23
Q

Cystine crystals - appearance and meaning

A

Kids: inherited cystinuria
Adults: dense kidney stones

24
Q

Lipiduria is pathonemonic for what?

A

Heavy proteinuria of NEPHROTIC syndrome

25
Q

Lipiduria crystal appearance

A

Maltese cross in polarized light

26
Q

What do granular casts indicate?

A

Breakdown of cellular debris; not pathonemonic for anything

27
Q

RBC casts suggest….

A

glomerulonephritis

OS Renal (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions