Renal Histology - Herron Flashcards
Name the parts of the nephron in order starting with the proximal convoluted tubule
PCT, [PST, TDLH, TALH, MTAL,] MD, DCT, CS
[Loop]
What is a duct of Bellini?
Duct in the renal papilla that drains the urine into minor calicoes
Compare the morphology of proximal and distal tubules
Proximal: larger with less defined epithelial border
Distal: smaller with very sharp line epithelial border
Compare the morphology of the CD, thick segment, and thin segment
CD: cuboidal border, border between adjcent cells
Thick: cuboidal border
Thin: squamous border (flat!)
Most tubules near a renal corpuscle are…
proximal probably
Podocytes give rise to which layer of Bowman’s capsule?
Visceral
What are mesangial cells and what things do they secrete?
Phagocytose debris; structural support; secrete IL-1 and PDGF to repair glomerulus
Morphologically, how do you distinguish the corticomedullary boundary?
Where renal corpuscles stop
What are the two histological parts of the cortex?
Cortical labyrinths and medullary rays
What is in the cortical labyrinths?
corpuscles, PCT, DCT
What is in the medullary rays?
Straight tubules and collecting ducts
What is contained in a lobule?
A medullary ray and half of the labyrinth on each side
What is the arteriole rectae?
Efferent arterioles from the juxtamedullary glomeruli descend into the medulla to form these arteries
What is the arteriole rectae counterpart for cortical glomeruli?
Peritubular capillary network
Follow the plasma as it is filtered out - what does it pass through to get to the urinary space?
Plasma–>through endothelial fenestrations–> through glomerulus BM–> through podocyte BM –>through slit pore
What is the Lamina rara externa
adjacent to the podocyte processes - specifically impede the passage of negatively charged molecules
What is the Lamina rara interna
adjacent to the capillary endothelium. It molecular features are similar to those of lamina rara externa
What is the Lamina densa
overlapping portion of the two basal laminae - rara externa and intern
Nephrotic syndrome has these three components
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Edema
Seen in DM due to leaky basal lamina
Which cells activate the renin-angiotensin…
Juxtaglomerular cells by releasing renin
What are the general histological structures of the ureter and bladder?
Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
Which parts of the ureter/bladder/urethra are lined by transitional epithelium?
Everything except lower urethra
Describe muscularis
Inner longitudinal
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal
Outer only present at lower ureter
