urinalysis Flashcards
What is the description of clear urine?
The urine is completely transparent.
What is the description of cloudy urine?
The urine appears uniformly foggy, frosty.
What is the description of hazy urine?
The urine appears to have strands or wisps of mucus in it.
What is the description of Flocculent urine?
The urine has flakes or chunks in it.
What are the supplies you will need to prepare for a cystocentesis?
Supplies you will need is a 22 ga x 1.5” needle, 3-6 mL syringe, red top tube.
What are two methods of urine collection that will yield a sterile sample and why is it needed?
The two methods of urine collection that will yield a sterile sample are cystocentesis and catherization. Sterile samples are needed in order to run a culture and sensitivity test.
Describe how a urine culture and sensitivity is performed and what purposes it serves.
Urine is incubated to allow bacteria to grow. Then antibiotic disks are placed on the growth and the area of inhibition is measured to determine the susceptibility of the bacteria to different antibiotics.
After a cystocentesis, urine should be placed in which tube for transport and storage?
Red Top Tube
Puncturing the urinary bladder and withdrawing urine through a needle is called?
Cystocentesis
What term means glucose in the urine?
Glucosuria.
Which test is an indicator of kidney function?
Specific gravity
For a male animal that has repeated urinary blockages that cannot be easily resolved, the veterinarian may recommend a perineal urethrostomy, which is a(n):
An incision into the urethra to create a larger opening, which is called urethrostomy.
Which tests runs to analyze an animal’s kidneys?
The tests to analyze an anima’s kidneys is creatinine and BUN.
What is Polyuria?
Increased urine production
What is Polydipsia?
Increased thirst.
What is Pollakiuria?
Increased frequency of urination.
What is Hematuria?
Blood in the urine.
What is Urolith?
Bladder stone.
What is Oliguria?
Small amounts of urine being produced.
What is Anuria?
No urine production.
What is Dysuria?
Painful or difficult urination.
What is Azotemia?
Urine waste products in the blood.
What are the four steps for urinalysis?
The four steps for urinalysis:
- Gross exam/macroscopic/physical exam
- USG
- Chemical Evaluation
- sediment exam
What involves the gross exam?
The gross exam evaluates:
- Color
- Clarity
- Odor
What happens when ketones comes out positive in a urine chem strip?
It should be negative. However, if it comes out positive, it can indicate:
- Diabetes
- High fat diets
- Starvation/fasting
What can a leukocyte say in a urine chem strip
If positive, it must confirm with sediment exam. Positive indicates urinary tract infection.
What does a positive glucose indicate in a urine chem strip?
Positive reading usually caused by:
- diabetes mellitus
- High carbonhydrate meal
- Fear, Excitement, restraint
- IV fluids with glucose added
- certain endocrine diseases
- Some drugs
What is a voided sample? And what supplies are needed?
A voided sample is collected from the floor and it is not a sterile sample.
The supplies that are required is a pipette or syringe and a clean container.
What are the supplies required for urine catherization?
The supplies required are:
- Red rubber catheter
- sterile lube
- red tube top
- sterile gloves
- 3-12 syringe
What is Supernatant?
Liquid Portion of centrifuged urine.
What is a Sediment? And what does it contain?
The solid part of centrifuged urine.
A urine sediment can contain cells, crystals, casts, parasites, and debris.
