Digestive & Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three types of diet?
The three types of diet are called herbivores, carnivore, and omnivore.
What is the function of the digestive system?
The function of the digestive system that is often referred to as the GI tract, is that it extracts waste products and extracts usable nutrients from food.
What muscle is found in the tongue?
The muscle that is found in the tongue is the striated muscle.
What are the stages of digestion?
The stages of digestion:
- Ingestion = taking food into the body.
- Digestion = breaking food down into chemical units.
- Absorption = chemical units go into the bloodstream.
- Metabolism = chemical units converted to energy.
- Excretion = removal of indigestible material.
What is the function of the esophagus?
The esophagus function is to carry the food from pharynx to stomach. It has striated and smooth muscle.
What is the function of the salivary gland?
The function of the salivary gland is to lubricate or dissolve food and secretes saliva.
What is the pharynx and what does it share with?
The pharynx is the throat and it is shared with the respiratory system.
What does the pharynx connect with?
The pharynx connects with the esophagus, larynx, and trachea and it is lined with the mucus membrane.
What is the function of the tongue?
The function of the tongue is to aid digestion and carries receptors for gustation.
What is the stomach function?
The stomach function is to reservoir for food and breaks up food. It mixes with gastric juices (chyme).
What are the FOUR parts of a monogastric stomach?
The four parts of a monogastric stomach are the cardiac sphincter, fundus, body, and pylorus.
What is a monogastric stomach?
A monogastric stomach is a simple, single chamber and produces secretions.
What is a ruminant stomach?
A ruminant stomach is a compound stomach, multi-chambered. It is adapted for fermentation of ingested food.
What is a rumen?
A rumen is part of the ruminant stomach and it is the largest chamber. It is the first stage of digestion.
What is the small intestine function?
The major site of enzymatic digestion and absorption is the function of the small intestine. As well with food mixes with digestive juices.
What are the FOUR parts that the large intestine are divided into?
The four parts of the large intestine that are divided into:
- cecum (cec/o)
- colon (col/o)
-rectum (rect/o)
- anal sphincter (an/o, proct/o)
What are the functions of the large intestine?
The functions of the large intestine:
- Cecum: joins ileum to ascending colon
- Colon: absorption of water, vitamins, and electrolytes
- Rectum: holds feces
- Anal sphincter: controls passage of feces out of the body.
What are the accessory structures of the digestive gland?
The accessory structures of the digestive gland are the:
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- pancreas
salivary gland
What are the liver functions?
The liver plays a role in metabolism, formation of new blood cells, and the destruction of the old blood cells.
What is the function of the nervous system?
The function of the nervous system is to coordinate and control body activity and brings out a necessary response.
What are the components of the nervous system?
The components of the nervous system is the:
- Central nervous system (CNS)
. Includes the brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
. Includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nervous system.
What is the basic unit of the nervous system and what are the three types?
The neuron is the basic unit of the nervous system and the three types are sensory, associative, and motor.
How many cranial nerves does CNS have?
It has 12 cranial nerves, it receives sensory input from spinal cord and nerves.
What are the three parts of the brain?
The three parts of the brain is called:
- Forebrain
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain
What are the parts of the forebrain and what are the functions?
The parts in the forebrain and the functions are:
- Cerebrum: It receives and processes information
- Thalamus: It processes information from sense organs
- Hypothalamus: Coordinates the endocrine system and maintains homeostasis.
- Optic chiasma: Channels impulses from each eye to both sides of the brain.
- Pituitary gland: Endocrine gland.
- Olfactory bulbs: Responsible for sense of smell.
What are the parts in the hindbrain and what are the functions?
The parts in the hindbrain and the functions are:
- Cerebellum: Controls balance and coordination.
- Pons: Respiration control centers
- Medulla oblongata: Controls respiration and blood pressure.
What are the parts that protects the brain?
Protection of the brain, includes:
- Cranium: Bony outer shell to protect soft tissue.
- Cerebral spinal fluid: protects CNS from damage by movement.
-Menings: Dura matter, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
- Blood-brain barrier: Connects and supports all neurons and protects from harmful substances.
What is the function of the spinal cord?
The function of the spinal cord:
- It conducts sensory information from PNS to brain.
. Somatic and autonomic
What structure at the entrance to the stomach?
The structure at the entrance to the stomach is the cardiac sphincter.
What order in which food travels down the small intestines?
The order in which food travels down the small intestines is Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
What are the four chamber of a ruminant stomach and which one is known as the “true stomach”?
The four chambers of a ruminant stomach is the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
Of the four chambers of the ruminant stomach, which is knows as the true stomach is called the abomasum.
What animal is unable to vomit?
An animal that is unable to vomit are horses, rabbits, rodents.
In most exotics, what is the name of the structure that is the common exit from the urinary, reproductive and digestive systems?
In most exotics, cloaca is the structure that is the common exit from the urinary, reproductive and digestive system.
Which of the part of the nervous system is responsible for “fight or flight”?
Sympathetic nervous system is responsible for “fight or flight”.
Which of the part of the nervous system is responsible for “rest and digest”?
Parasympathetic nervous system is responsibe for “rest and digest”.
The ridges on the cerebrum are called?
The ridges on the cerebrum are called gyri.
