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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > URINALYSIS > Flashcards

URINALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

Provides a simple, rapid means for performing routine chemical tests on urine

A

Reagent strips

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2
Q

Quality Control of Reagent strips

A

Running positive and negative control every 24 hours (ideal: every shift)

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3
Q

What are the parameters in reagent strips?

A

Bilirubin
Glucose
Ketones
Specific Gravity
pH
Protein
Blood
Urobilinogen
Nitrite
Leukocyte Esterase

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4
Q

Principle of Bilirubin

A

Diazo Reaction

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5
Q

Principle of Glucose

A

Double Sequential Enzymatic Reaction

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6
Q

Principle of Ketones

A

Sodium Nitroprusside Reaction

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7
Q

Principle of Specific Gravity

A

(pKa) Dissociation constant change of a polyelectrolyte

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8
Q

Principle of pH

A

Double Indicator System

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9
Q

Principle of Protein

A

Protein Error of Indicator

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10
Q

Principle of Blood

A

Pseudoperoxidase activity of Hemoglobin

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11
Q

Principle of Urobilinogen

A

Ehrlich’s Reaction

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12
Q

Principle of Nitrite

A

Greiss Reaction

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13
Q

Principle of Leukocyte Esterase

A

Leukocyte Esterase

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14
Q

Bilirubin False Positive Interferences

A

Highly pigmented urine
Phenazopyridine
Indicant
Metabolites of iodine

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15
Q

Bilirubin False Negative Interferences

A

Exposure to light
High concentration of nitrite
High concentration of ascorbic acid

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16
Q

Glucose False Positive Interferences

A

Oxidizing Agents
Detergents

17
Q

Glucose False Negative Interferences

A

High levels of ascorbic acid
ketones
High SG

18
Q

Ketones False Positive Interferences

A

Highly pigmented red urine
Pthalein dyes
Medications with sulfhydryl groups
Levodopa

19
Q

Ketones False Negative Interferences

A

Improperly preserved specimens

20
Q

Specific Gravity False Positive Interferences

A

High concentration of protein

21
Q

Specific Gravity False Negative Interferences

A

Highly alkaline urine

22
Q

Protein False Positive Interferences

A

Highly pigmented specimen
Phenazopyridine
Antiseptics
Chlorhexidine
High SG

23
Q

Protein False Negative Interferences

A

Presence of proteins other than albumin

24
Q

Blood False Positive Interferences

A

Oxidizing agent
Bacterial peroxidases
Menstrual Contamination

25
Q

Blood False Negative Interferences

A

High SG
Formalin
High concentration of nitrite
High concentration of ascorbic acid

26
Q

Urobilinogen False Positive Interferences

A

Ehrlich reactive compounds;
porphobilinogen
indicant
sulfonamides
methyldopa

27
Q

Urobilinogen False Negative Interferences

A

Old specimen
Preservation with formalin
High concentration of nitrite

28
Q

Nitrite False Positive Interferences

A

Oxidizing agent
Formalin
Nitrofurantoin

29
Q

Nitrite False Negative Interferences

A

High concentration of ascorbic acid
Presence of antibiotic
High SG

30
Q

Leukocyte Esterase False Positive Interferences

A

Oxidizing agents
Formalin
Nitrofurantoin

31
Q

Leukocyte Esterase False Negative Interferences

A

High concentration of ;
protein
ascorbic acid
glucose
oxalic acid
gentamicin

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (3 decks)

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