UREA CYCLE

Question 1

fuel is formed from ammonium ion (from oxidative deamination), carbon dioxide (from the citric acid cycle), water, and two ATP molecules

Answer 1

Carbamoyl Phosphate

Question 2

a cyclic biochemical pathway in which urea is produced, for excretion, using ammonium ions and aspartate molecules as nitrogen sources

Answer 2

urea cycle

Question 2

first molecule of “fuel”
entering the cycle

Answer 2

Citrulline

Question 3

transported in the blood to the kidneys and eliminated from the body in urine

Answer 3

urea

Question 4

second molecule of “fuel” entering the cycle

Answer 4

Aspartate

Question 5

Three amino acids are involved as intermediates in the operation of the urea cycle

Answer 5

arginine
ornithine
citrulline

Question 6

Citrulline–aspartate condensation enzyme

Answer 6

argininosuccinate synthase

Question 7

an adult excretes about __ g of urea daily in urine

Answer 7

30

Question 8

Hydrolysis of arginine produces urea and regenerates ornithine, one of the cycle’s starting materials

Answer 8

Step 4: Urea from arginine hydrolysis.

Question 9

“fuel” for the urea cycle

Answer 9

Carbamoyl Phosphate

Question 10

amino acid that has a carbon-containing product that can be used to produce glucose via gluconeogenesis

Answer 10

Glucogenic amino acid

Question 11

enzyme involved in Step 4: Urea from arginine hydrolysis

Answer 11

arginase

Question 12

Amino acids that are degraded to acetyl CoA or acetoacetyl CoA can contribute to the formation of fatty acids or ketone
bodies

Answer 12

ketogenic

Question 12

formed via the urea cycle is excreted in urine

Answer 12

urea

Question 13

an amino acid that has a carbon-containing degradation
product that can be used to produce ketone bodies

Answer 13

ketogenic amino acid

Question 14

one of several molecules eliminated from the body through urine

Answer 14

Urea

Question 15

TRUE / FALSE:
amino acids that are degraded to acetyl CoA (or acetoacetyl CoA) are glucogenic

Answer 15

FALSE , NOT GLUCOGENIC

Question 16

degradation requires a single step for these amino acids

Answer 16

Alanine
Serine

Question 17

two amino acids are purely ketogenic

Answer 17

leucine and lysine

Question 17

Amino acids that are degraded to citric acid cycle intermediates can serve as glucose precursors

Answer 17

glucogenic

Question 18

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO:
I - ISOLEUCINE

Answer 18

BOTH

Question 19

how many amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic?

Answer 19

Nine

Question 20

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO:
A - ALANINE

Answer 20

BOTH

Question 21

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO:
amino acid that can be
converted into glucose through
gluconeogenesis

Answer 21

KETOGENIC

Question 22

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: G - GLYCINE

Answer 22

BOTH

Question 23

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: L,K

Answer 23

KETOGENIC

Question 24

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: C - CYSTEIN

Answer 24

BOTH

Question 25

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: L - LEUCINE

Answer 25

KETOGENIC

Question 26

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: S - SERINE

Answer 26

BOTH

Question 27

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: T and W

Answer 27

BOTH

Question 28

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: K - LYSINE

Answer 28

KETOGENIC

Question 29

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: Amino acids that are degraded to pyruvate

Answer 29

BOTH

Question 30

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: are converted into ketone bodies

Answer 30

GLUCOGENESIS

Question 31

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: pyruvate coverted to oxaloacetate (glucogenic) or acetyl CoA (ketogenic

Answer 31

BOTH

Question 32

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: V, P, M, N, Q, E, D, H, R

Answer 32

GLUCO

Question 33

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: Y, F, I, A,G,C,S,TW

Answer 33

BOTH

Question 34

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: Y - THREONINE

Answer 34

BOTH

Question 35

KETO / BOTH / GLUCO: F - PHENYLALAININE

Answer 35

BOTH