AMINO ACID UTILIZATION Flashcards

1
Q

protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis, the amount of nitrogen in the urine exceeds the amount of nitrogen ingested

A

negative nitrogen balance

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2
Q

AA: M

A

METHIONINE

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3
Q

FOUR WAYS to use the amino acids from the body’s amino acid pool

A

1) Protein synthesis
2) Synthesis of nonprotein nitrogen-containing compounds
3) Synthesis of nonessential amino acids
4) Production of energy

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4
Q

the total supply of free amino acids available for use in the human body

A

amino acid pool

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4
Q

AA: T

A

THREONINE

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5
Q

accompanies a state of “tissue wasting,” because more tissue proteins are being catabolized than are being replaced
by protein synthesis

A

negative nitrogen balance

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6
Q

TRUE / FALSE:
each of the 20 standard amino acids has a different degradation
pathway

A

TRUE

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7
Q

AA: I

A

ISOLUECINE

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8
Q

AA: F

A

PHENYLALANINE

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9
Q

other two sources of amino acid pool

A

protein turnover
biosynthesis of amino acids

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10
Q

Protein-poor diets, starvation, and wasting illnesses produce a negative nitrogen balance

A

negative nitrogen balance

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11
Q

AA: L

A

LEUCINE

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12
Q

TRUE / FALSE:
In all the degradation pathways, the
amino nitrogen atom is removed
and ultimately is excreted from the
body as urine

A

FALSE, UREA

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13
Q

AA: V

A

VALINE

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14
Q

the repetitive process in which proteins are degraded and resynthesized within the human body

A

protein turnover

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15
Q

nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, indicates that the rate of protein anabolism (synthesis) exceeds That of protein catabolism

A

positive nitrogen balance

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16
Q

AA: R

A

ARGININE

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17
Q

AA: K

A

LYSINE

18
Q

Nutritionally essential AA

A

R, H, M, I, L, K, W, T, F and V

19
Q

the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the human body as protein equals the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body in waste materials

A

Nitrogen balance

20
Q

state indicates that large amounts of tissue are being synthesized, such as during growth, pregnancy, and
convalescence from an emaciating illness

A

positive nitrogen balance

21
Q

AA: W

A

TRYPTOPHAN

21
Q

AA: H

A

HISTIDINE

22
Q

Nutritionally nonessential amino acid

A

Alanine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Aspartic acid
Cysteine
Glutamic acid
Serine
Proline
Glycine
Tyrosine

23
Q

TWO TYPES OF NITROGEN BALANCE

A

negative nitrogen balance
positive nitrogen balance

24
Q

AA for the precursor: Pyruvate

A

Alanine

24
Q

precursor for glutamic acid

A

a-ketoglutarate

25
Q

AA for the precursor: a-ketoglutarate

A

Glutamic acid

25
Q

precursor for alanine

A

pyruvate

25
Q

precursor for serine

A

3-phosphoglycerate

26
Q

AA for the precursor: Aspartate

A

Asparagine

27
Q

AA for the precursor: 3-phosphoglycerate

A

Serine

28
Q

precursor for asparagine

A

aspartate

29
Q

precursor for proline

A

Glutamate

29
Q

AA for the precursor: Glutamate

A

Glutamine
Proline

29
Q

AA for the precursor: Phenylalanine

A

Tyrosine

29
Q

precursor for glutamine

A

Glutamate

29
Q

AA for the precursor: Oxaloacetate

A

Aspartic acid

30
Q

precursor for glycine

A

serine

31
Q

precursor for aspartic acid

A

oxaloacetate

31
Q

precursor for tyrosine

A

phenylalanine

32
Q

AA for the precursor: Serine

A

Glycine
Cysteine

33
Q

precursor for cysteine

A

serine