AMINO ACID UTILIZATION Flashcards
protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis, the amount of nitrogen in the urine exceeds the amount of nitrogen ingested
negative nitrogen balance
AA: M
METHIONINE
FOUR WAYS to use the amino acids from the body’s amino acid pool
1) Protein synthesis
2) Synthesis of nonprotein nitrogen-containing compounds
3) Synthesis of nonessential amino acids
4) Production of energy
the total supply of free amino acids available for use in the human body
amino acid pool
AA: T
THREONINE
accompanies a state of “tissue wasting,” because more tissue proteins are being catabolized than are being replaced
by protein synthesis
negative nitrogen balance
TRUE / FALSE:
each of the 20 standard amino acids has a different degradation
pathway
TRUE
AA: I
ISOLUECINE
AA: F
PHENYLALANINE
other two sources of amino acid pool
protein turnover
biosynthesis of amino acids
Protein-poor diets, starvation, and wasting illnesses produce a negative nitrogen balance
negative nitrogen balance
AA: L
LEUCINE
TRUE / FALSE:
In all the degradation pathways, the
amino nitrogen atom is removed
and ultimately is excreted from the
body as urine
FALSE, UREA
AA: V
VALINE
the repetitive process in which proteins are degraded and resynthesized within the human body
protein turnover
nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output, indicates that the rate of protein anabolism (synthesis) exceeds That of protein catabolism
positive nitrogen balance
AA: R
ARGININE
AA: K
LYSINE
Nutritionally essential AA
R, H, M, I, L, K, W, T, F and V
the state that results when the amount of nitrogen taken into the human body as protein equals the amount of nitrogen excreted from the body in waste materials
Nitrogen balance
state indicates that large amounts of tissue are being synthesized, such as during growth, pregnancy, and
convalescence from an emaciating illness
positive nitrogen balance
AA: W
TRYPTOPHAN
AA: H
HISTIDINE
Nutritionally nonessential amino acid
Alanine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Aspartic acid
Cysteine
Glutamic acid
Serine
Proline
Glycine
Tyrosine
