Urbinzation 501-515

Question 1

Urban areas

Answer 1

Communities of 2500 people or more

Question 2

Why did the city attract people from the countryside?

Answer 2

Offered conveniences, entertainments, cultural experiences unavailable in rural communities, and offered better paying jobs than were available in rural America/foreign economies immigrants were fleeing from

Question 3

What did the development in steam powered ocean liners aid in?

Answer 3

Allowed Europeans and Asians to cross oceans more quickly and cheaper than in the past

Question 4

Where was migration mostly headed towards?

Answer 4

Cities of the East and Midwest

Question 5

Explain push & pull factors in population movements

Answer 5

Push factors: poverty, inadequate land at home, political/religious oppression
Pull factors: availability of land/industrial jobs in other regions, prospect of greater freedom, faster/cheaper/easier transportation

Question 6

What did immigrants do to ease their adjustment in new cities?

Answer 6

Formed ethnic communities within cities that attempted to recreate customs from their home-countries.

Question 7

Why did some ethnic groups advance economically more rapidly than others?

Answer 7

One explanation is that by huddling together in ethnic neighborhoods, immigrant groups tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies.

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

To become like others and adapt to a new environment. Immigrants would adapt their diets, wardrobes, and lifestyles to American norms.

Question 9

Henry Bowers

Answer 9

Self-educated lawyer that founded the American Protective Association, a group commited to stopping the immigrant tide

Question 10

Immigration Restriction League

Answer 10

Founded in Boston by 5 Harvard alumini dedicated to the belief that immigrants should be screened via literacy tests & other standards designed to seperate desirable from undesirables.

Question 11

Anti-Asian sentiment

Answer 11

Restricted Chinese immigration

Question 12

What did rapid growth in immigration produce?

Answer 12

Cheap/plentiful labor suply, misgovernment, poverty, congestion, filth, epidemics, and great fires

Question 13

Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux

Answer 13

Landscape designers who teamed up in the late 1850s to design NY’s Central Park. Goal was to design space that looked as little as the city as possible

Question 14

Daniel Burnham

Answer 14

Led “beautiful city” movement, architect of the Great White City

Question 15

Jacob Riis

Answer 15

Danish immigrant and NY newspaper reporter/photographer that shocked many people with his book “How The Other Half Lives” showing how the housing of workers and the poor live in sunless, slum dwelling, airless, poisonous houses.

Question 16

Why were sewage disposal systems created?

Answer 16

Protect the drinking water of their inhavitants and prevent great bacterial plagues that impure water had on the past such as the 1873 yellow fever epidemic

Question 17

Alice Hamilton

Answer 17

One of the first physicians to identify lead poisoning

Question 18

The Machine and The Boss

Answer 18

The urban machine was one of America’s most distinctive political institutions.
The principal of political boss was to win votes for his organization.

Question 19

Factors that made boss rule possible:

Answer 19

power of immigrant workers, link between political organizations and wealthy, prominent citizens, and structural weakness of city governments

Question 20

Merchandise techniques that changed:

Answer 20

Already made clothing, bought and prepared food, styles and clothes, containers that helped perserve foods for long periods of time