Test #2 Flashcards
Who wins the 1884 election
Grover Cleveland (D)
Protective Tariff
designed to shield domestic production from foreign competition by raising the price of the imported commodity
-Americans didn’t like it because they didn’t want to buy local goods, as foreign goods were cheaper (possibly more reliable?)
What happened to people’s surplus? (an excess amount left)
It went into sales tax
What was the main reason Benjamin Harrison defeated Grover Cleveland in the 1888 election?
-People weren’t able to vote the way they wanted to
-No secret ballot in the 1800s
-Used to be able to send people to threated and watch who you vote for
Result of Welfare for veterans
Pensions created by Benjamin Harrison not only for veterans but for their widows
-Was disliked amongst states bc it was easy to fake being a veteran in order to get pensions
-Easy to fake b/c all you need was a paper stated you were a veteran and an approval of the court if it was convincing enough
1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act
bimetal currency = gold + silver standard
-purpose was to increase money supply
-repealed later b/c it decreased the number of gold reserves available
-Miners favored it b/c it guaranteed more work/business for them
-Western farmers favored b/c they often had to go into debt to finance the machines necessary to farm efficiently
1890 Mckinley Tarriff
-protective tariff that raised the average duty on foreign imports to almost 50%
-It undermined Hawaii’s special status by allowing other nations and territories, like Cuba, to export sugar to the United States without paying duties.
What party supported the 17th Amendment? (allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators)
Populists Party/Farmer’s party
What did the Populist/Farmer’s party want?
-crop prices by grain storehouses
-8 hr workday, overtime pay
-min. wage
-retirement pay
-secret ballot
-silver coinage
-direct election of senate
-income tax
-reduce tariff
-initiative on ballots
What were the reasons for imperialism (gaining of colonies)?
- economies: raw materials, self finished goods, cheap labor
- military value: strategic location
- westernization: adopting ones cultural traditions/values onto foreign land/lifestyle
- christianization
- perstige
Opposite of imperialism:
Isolation: uninvolved, “minding your own business”
What were the reasons for isolationism?
1.”European Entanglement” = mind your own business
2. Cost- avoid losing money overseas
3. Humanitarian reasons- basically, morals. (“If you go to a town and destroy a waterline, how many toddlers are you killing”)
4. Democratic concerns
5. Lives- how many people, or Americans, die in each war?
6. Manifest Destiny- spread thru the Western Coast (Indians not seen as being colonized)
7. Former Colonial Status- “we” were a former colony ourselves
8. Natural Resources- we have enough natural resources here at home
9. Immigration
Hawaii
Sugar & Naval Bases
Nativism
Local cultures, local rule, & customs
1898 Spanish-American War
-yellow journalism= sensationalit stories sell
-spanish plantation management
-USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba
US Wins
-dominates naval battle due to metal steamships
-US wins major land battles
4 island chains owned by US:
*Puerto Rico
-Cuba: 1910 US leaves, Platt Amendment
*Guam
-Philippines: Civil War vs Guerrillas from 1898-1901, freedom in 1946
Guerilla Warfare
“sneaky fights”
Progressivism
Early 1900s movement for social & political progress
What were people targeting & wanting change for?
-women’s rights, restrictive laws
-race relations
-work conditions/worker’s rights
-problems of urbanization
-anti-corruption
-ani-inefficiency
-elections, initiatives, secret ballots
-monopolies (anti)
-poverty vs wealth
-temperance movement, against alcohol
4 Amendments created during this era:
16th- income tax
17th- direct election of senators
18th- prohibition of alcohol —–> reduced crime, saved money, physical health
overturned by the 21st in 1933
19th- Women’s rights to vote
First Progressive president:
Theodore Roosevelt (R) 1901-1909
What were the 3 c’s Roosevelt wanted to focus on?
-Controlling corporations
-Consumer Protection
-Conservation
Trustbuster
DOJ (Department of Justice) sues 44 companies
Interstate Commerce Act
Inquired that railroad rates must be “reasonable and just”
Elkins & Hepburn Act
-Regulation of railroads
-Published & standardized railroad rates
-Prohibited companies from charging higher rates for short hauls
Consumer Protection Laws:
-1906 Pure Food & Drug Act
-1906 Meat Inspection Act
^^^ Eventually created the FDA
Conservation
-more than doubled the National Park system
-bought millions of acres and added to the National Forest System
-Green movement in early 1900s helped create Central Park in NYC
-Teddy added to Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, and more
Conservation
-more than doubled the National Park system
-bought millions of acres and added to the National Forest System
-Green movement in early 1900s helped create Central Park in NYC
-Teddy added to Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, and more
Who won in the 1908 and 1912 elections
William H. Taft (Teddy R. Vice) wins in 1908, conservative view of power
1912 Taft vs Teddy- neither win
-Woodrow Wilson (D) wins the White House with 42% of votes
-Teddy finished 2nd
-Taft finished 3rd
Triple wall of privelage
Tariff, banks, trusts
Underwood Tariff
reduction of tariff, balanced by 16th amendment (Federal Government collect income tax)
Federal Reserve
-Banks openly discriminated and denied acces if wanted, usually between rich & poor
-bought money, paid on interest, sold again, and made profit off of it
-Prime Interest Rate
Clayton Anti-trust Act
Exempted unions from anti trust laws
Keating Owens Act
Strongest child labor laws
Why were Americans upset that the USS Maine was destroyed?
The opponents (Spanish?) claimed the explotion was an accident, but yet, the accident ended up in the fatality of 260 US Soldiers
What lands does the US still owe today from the 4 island chains we owned then?
Guam & Puerto Rico
(James) Monroe Doctrine
Europe should stay out of the Americas
“warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.”
Theodore Roosevelt Corollary
America will negotiate problems with American nations and European powers
(Taft) Dollar Diplomacy
America should use economy to achieve foreign policy goals
“We don’t have to fight wars to achieve goals. We should use our economy (boycotting)”
(Wilson) Moral Diplomacy
America should do the right thing
“The country will always be seen as the good guys, even if a story is lied about”
Isolationist
non-involvement in Europe-Asian conflicts and non-intanglement in international conflicts
Why was America considered/seen as isolationist?
Because we were uninvolved in the WWI until the 3rd year (1914-1918)
Causes for WWl
-imperialism: competition over land
-industrialization: competition over resources
-militarization: threat of large, industrial machines
-Balkan wars: Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Romania vs Ottoman Empire —-> Assasination of Fraz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria
Why does the US join WWI?
-Zimmerman telegram: Germany invites Mexico to attack US- recieve multiple states as a reward
-Mexico & US had tension, US took territory from MX (California through Texas)
-U-boat Warfare: submarines attacking our shipping lanes
-Lusitania & the Sussez: passenger liners that were destroyed (not American ships, but thousands of Americans on board)
-Germany was breaking war rules b/c they were shooting at boats that had nothing to do w/ the ongoing conflict
What new weapons does the US introduce?
-machine guns (defining weapon)
*tank
*planes
-submarines
-chemical weapons- created weapons/gasses that attacked nervous+ system(s): e.g: mustard gas melted soldiers’ lungs
-can use irritants b/c they have a short term effect, but nothing long term, like gases used in WWI
****Do not dominate in WWI
What was the defining tactic of WWl:
Chief tactic is stalemate: soldiers made trenches, usually connected w/ fellow soldiers
What health conditions did soldiers deal with?:
-Trench feet: had their feet in trench water for weeks at a time where their feet would eventually swell and blow up
-Sanitation problems (rats, lice, etc..)
Home front = domestic front
- Draft- forced Americans to go serve in the war
- Women go to work- govt. started to beg women to work “male” jobs b/c most men left their jobs to go fight in the war (major moment in feminism)
- Great migration: AAs leave south for northern factory jobs (biggest peaceful movement in US)
- Rationing= food, fuels, metals, rubber —- limit on these items
- Wheatless & meatless days- govt. wanted to “condition” people to live w/o these items
- Victory garden- grow your own garden: allowed people to participate in economy/inclusion
- Propaganda: influence public opinion, Committee on Public Information & George Creel
- War was financed by war bonds (donations)
- Freeze prices & wages
1919 Treaty of Versailles
- Punish Germany and Austria- taking land
- Land will (re)create Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia
- Reperations: (War damages) (root word: prepare)
Big Four (Countries)
Britain, France, U.S, Italy
Woodrow Wilson & the 14 points
-League of Nations
-Military reductions
-Freedom of the seas
-Self-determination of peoples
-No secret treaties
Henry Cabot Lodge
14 reservations, isolationism
-Against Wilson’s 14 step peace act & hated him
(end of Wilson’s public career)
