Urbanisation Flashcards
What is urbanisation
A growth in the proportion of a country’s population living in urban areas
What is an urban area
The popular places to be and getting ever more so
What is urban primacy
Urban primacy is when one city dominates the country it is in
Define a megacity
An urban area with over 10 million people living ther
What are the 4 flows of a world city
Investment, airline traffic, decision makers and political decision
Migration to a city can be what of 2
National or international
What is international migration
When people move from one country to city in another country
What is national migration
When people move to a city in the same country .e.g. Rural urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to the city
Migration to a city is affected by what
Push and pull
How is economic change causing cities in countries of different levels of development to grow or decline
Cities in developing countries: rural areas are very poor, some cities have good transports links so trade is focused
Cities in emerging countries: some cities have become industrial centres- there has been a lot of manufacturing jobs
Cities in developed countries: de industrialisation has led to the decline of industrial areas. People moved away to find work elsewhere
In new york, from 2010 - 2015 , how much did they grow by
316,000
In detroit,why did the population decline
Wealthier population left to live in suburbs De industrialisation Unemployment was high - 15% in 2015 Detroit population fell 25% Detroit went bankrupt
What are some economic factors for why economic change caused city to grow or decline
Better paid jobs, better houses, better quality of life
What are some migration factor for why economic change caused city to grow or decline
Better services(education, health, entertainment), growth in jobs, and better opportunities
Cities go through different stages as they develop, what are these
Urbanisation, suburbanisation, de-industrialisation, counter-industrialisation, regeneration.
Name 1 reason why migration influences the age structure in the Uk because…
roughly half the UK population growth is driven by natural increase, and about half by migration.
How has the Uk immigration policy increased diversity
After the second work war, the Uk encouraged migration from Commonwealth countries e.g. Carribean, India, and Pakistan to fill skill shortages in the Uk workforce.
Name another reason from the previous question
Later, entry was restricted but work permits for migration was a desirable skill .e.g. IT were made available, many highly skilled Indian and Pakistanis still come to the Uk
What is the definition of migration
A movement of animals or people overseas to another country or across country
Why have primary and secondary jobs declined
Since 1960 jobs in the primary industry have decreased. Farming has become more mechanised so fewer people are needed. The mining industry also declined due to competition abroad and cheaper alternative fuels.
Name one more reason for primary and secondary industries declining
Job in secondary industries have also decreased- people employed in manufacturing fell from 36% of the workforce in 1961 to just 9% in 2011
The 3 categories which the Uk and Eu government use to aim to reduce difference in wealth
Creating enterprise zone- the uk government has created 55 enterprise zones across england, scotland and wales
Transport infrastructure- adding in new railways and better links
Regional development- higher, equal improvement in the rural and poorer areas
Name some examples of “Distribution”
Young national migration and most international migrants move to major cities- this is were most jobs are and where universities are located. The most popular destinations for for international migrants are London and the west midlands
Name one more example for “Distribution”
Many older people move to coastal areas in the east and south west of england when they retire
