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contemporary urban environments > urbanisation > Flashcards

urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

urbanisation

A

increasing proportion of a countries population lives in town and citites

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2
Q

urban growth

A

increase in the number of urban dwellers

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3
Q

urbanism

A

culture in the urban areas

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4
Q

megacity

A

population over 10m

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5
Q

metacity

A

population over 20m

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6
Q

patterns of urbanisation - 1950/2017

A

global urban population in 1950 - 746m
global urban population in 2017 - 4.1bn
- india, china and nigeria account for 37% of the growth between 2014-2050

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7
Q

mega cities

A

asia hold the majority - india, china and japan
- africa and asia predicted to have the most mega cities in the future
- tokyo (38m), Delhi(25.7m), London(10m)
- london is lower because of the greenbelt

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8
Q

meta cities

A

continous built up area
- pearl river delta, china: government planning the merge of 9 cities

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9
Q

stages of urbanisation

A
  1. suburbanistion
  2. counter urbanisation
  3. urban resurgence
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10
Q

suburbinisation

A

the decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area

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11
Q

counter urbanisation

A

population movement from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas

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12
Q

urban resurgence

A

population movement from rural back to urban areas
associated with upwardly mobile young people
encourages a revival of some inner city and CBD areas

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13
Q

effects of industrial revolution

A

proportion in cities
1801 - 17%
1891 - 72%

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14
Q

effects of industrial revolution 1950-70

A

suburbanisation dominant
- increasing car ownership encouraged urban sprawl

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15
Q

effects of industrial revolution
1980-90

A

counter urbanisation
- manufacturing jobs were lost in sector shift

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16
Q

effects of industrial revolution 2000-

A

urban resurgence
- regeneration projects encourages poeple back

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17
Q

suburbanisation causes

A
  • transport systems growth
  • car ownership
  • housing on rural urban fringe
  • demand for green space
  • desire for less congestion
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18
Q

suburbanisation effects

A
  • decentralisation
  • social segregation
  • urban sprawl
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19
Q

suburbanisation - detorit example

A
  • car industry lost momentum
  • social segregation between 8 mile road
  • white flight
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20
Q

counter urbanisation causes

A
  • economic decline
  • excessive pollution
  • overcrowding
  • better value housing
21
Q

counter urbanisation effects

A
  • urban to rural migration
  • leads to regeneration
  • rise in rural house prices
  • more personal transport use
22
Q

urban resurgence causes

A
  • government regeneration schemes
23
Q

urban resurgence effects

A
  • socio economic inequalities
  • higher prices
  • higher quality of life
24
Q

social urban growth processes

A

natural increase: age is younger, lower death rates, higher birth rates
rural urban migration: improved quality of life, jobs/education/healthare
cultural hubs: social and culture background migrating

25
Q

economic urban growth processes

A

industrialisation: stable manufacturing jobs

26
Q

technological urban growth processes

A

centre of innovation: technological advancement, quarternary secotr increase

27
Q

political urban growth processes

A

unequal mega cities in wealth: political movements represent working class, government policty and regeneration

28
Q

demographic urban growth processes

A

social segregation: international migration leads to cultural diversity, job diversity attracts young generation

29
Q

consequences of urban growth e.g bangladesh

A
  • poor living conditions
  • disease
  • limited service access
  • 85% live in slums
  • single toilet to 400 people
30
Q

consequences of urban growth - urban sprawl

A

requires more road
- decentralisation
- traffic congestion

31
Q

consequences of urban growth - shortage of housing in LIC

A

informal settlements
- air, noise and water pollution

32
Q

consequences of urban growth - shortage of housing in HIC

A

increase in house prices
- immigration, gentrification

33
Q

consequences of urban growth - lack of servies and waste disposal

A

infrastructure maintenance limited
- traffic congestion, water pollution and disease

34
Q

consequences of urban growth - unemployment

A

pressure to create jobs
- informal employment

35
Q

consequences of urban growth - transport issues

A

urbanisation leads to traffic increase
- congestion and pollution
- health issues

36
Q

processes of urban change - deindustrialisation

A

loss of manufacturing industries in HIC
- competition from abroad
- mechanisation
- reduced demand
- value and productivity in service industries

37
Q

processes of urban change - decentralisation

A

movement of population and industry away from urban centres into suburbs
- occurred same time as rise of service economy

38
Q

deindustrialisation - social

A
  • family break down
  • unemployment
  • crime
39
Q

deindustrialisation - economic

A
  • decline in property prices
  • lower incomes
  • loss of jobs
40
Q

deindustrialisation - environmental

A
  • dereliction
  • lower population
  • lower economic activity
41
Q

deindustrialisation - urban decline, scotswood newcastle

A
  • urban deprivation, housing and economic opportunities
  • 265k redevelopment
  • construction of new schools, community centres and attracting government funds
42
Q

deindustrialisation - unemployment

A
  • long term is 12+ months
  • structural unemployment: conflict between skills offered and skills in demand
43
Q

gentrification

A

character of area changed by wealthier people - driven by private enterprise

44
Q

regeneration

A

driven by government policy

45
Q

problems in inner city

A

social - overcrowding, crime, drugs, unemployment
economic - unemployment, low education
environment - poor conditions, lack of services

46
Q

gentrification in brixton demographics

A

large afro-caribbean population
developed after the windrush

47
Q

brixton gentrification - positive impacts

A
  • welcoming
  • encouraging business
  • attracting people
  • crime decreased
48
Q

brixton gentrification - negative impacts

A
  • losing identity
  • local elaving due to inflamed prices
  • lack of community value
  • no investment into community
  • stakeholder need to be involved
  • ethnic minorities pushed out

contemporary urban environments (12 decks)

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