urban forms Flashcards
urban form
physical characterstic of built up areas including
- shape, size, density and makeup of settlements
factors causing urban form to change - policies
restrictions on planning
- transport and economy
factors causing urban form to change - technology
supporting teleworking
- high speed access to internet
factors causing urban form to change - population
globalisation/migration
- housing, schools and services
factors causing urban form to change - environment
physical infrastructure
- sewerage and water treatment
factors causing urban form to change - economy
centralisation
- rural/urban fringe
- deindustrialisation
contemporary characteristics of megacities
urban sprawl
peripheral growth/edge cities
intensification of urban centres
redevelopment
car dominated
transport development
land use models - concentric ring theory
centre is central business district (CBD) surrrounded by manufacturing
low cost housing toward centre
high cost housing on edge
land use models - sector theory
CBD in centre
low cost housing and manufacturing on one side
middle class and most exclusive residential further out
land use models - multiple nuclei theory
representative of modern and growing cities
CBD off centre and surrounded by manufacturing, low and middle class residential
introduction of industrial park and heavy industry
most exlusive residential in suburbs
bid rent theory
land and rent costs higher the closer to a cities CBD
- due to demand
new urban landscapes
- town centre mixed use development
- cultural and heritage quarters
- edge cities
- fortress developments
- gentrified areas
NUL - town centre mixed use development
- blend of residential/commercial uses
- interconnected physically
- draws consumers back into centre
EG reading station hill
NUL - cultural and heritage quarters
- uses preservation of heritage to revitalise areas
- attract tourism to revitalise
- develops local economy
EG reading abbey quarter
NUL - edge cities
- suburbs matured into centres
- mixed office/residential and leisure
- high levels of car ownership
EG - anaheim, santa ana
NUL - fortress developments
- postmodern cities
- result of social segregation
- designed for protection and security
- polarisation
EG - USA and south africa, gated communities
NUL - gentrified areas
- targeting run down areas of a city
- run down areas become wealthier
- changing demographics and patterns of wellbeing
EG brixton
postmodern western city
and urban form associated with changes in urban structure and design
- reflects the changed social and economic conditions in western cities
characteristics of a postmodern western city
multi nodal structure
fragmentation - cities are ethnically diverse but segregation is more common
beautification - architecture is an expression of art rather than function
gentrification
privatisation - private ownership of land
characteristics of a modern city
concentric ring
functional landscape
industrial economy
totality planning
class division and homogeneity
