urban forms

Question 1

urban form

Answer 1

physical characterstic of built up areas including
- shape, size, density and makeup of settlements

Question 2

factors causing urban form to change - policies

Answer 2

restrictions on planning
- transport and economy

Question 3

factors causing urban form to change - technology

Answer 3

supporting teleworking
- high speed access to internet

Question 4

factors causing urban form to change - population

Answer 4

globalisation/migration
- housing, schools and services

Question 5

factors causing urban form to change - environment

Answer 5

physical infrastructure
- sewerage and water treatment

Question 6

factors causing urban form to change - economy

Answer 6

centralisation
- rural/urban fringe
- deindustrialisation

Question 7

contemporary characteristics of megacities

Answer 7

urban sprawl
peripheral growth/edge cities
intensification of urban centres
redevelopment
car dominated
transport development

Question 8

land use models - concentric ring theory

Answer 8

centre is central business district (CBD) surrrounded by manufacturing
low cost housing toward centre
high cost housing on edge

Question 9

land use models - sector theory

Answer 9

CBD in centre
low cost housing and manufacturing on one side
middle class and most exclusive residential further out

Question 10

land use models - multiple nuclei theory

Answer 10

representative of modern and growing cities
CBD off centre and surrounded by manufacturing, low and middle class residential
introduction of industrial park and heavy industry
most exlusive residential in suburbs

Question 11

bid rent theory

Answer 11

land and rent costs higher the closer to a cities CBD
- due to demand

Question 12

new urban landscapes

Answer 12

1. town centre mixed use development
2. cultural and heritage quarters
3. edge cities
4. fortress developments
5. gentrified areas

Question 13

NUL - town centre mixed use development

Answer 13

• blend of residential/commercial uses
• interconnected physically
• draws consumers back into centre
  EG reading station hill

Question 14

NUL - cultural and heritage quarters

Answer 14

• uses preservation of heritage to revitalise areas
• attract tourism to revitalise
• develops local economy
  EG reading abbey quarter

Question 15

NUL - edge cities

Answer 15

• suburbs matured into centres
• mixed office/residential and leisure
• high levels of car ownership
  EG - anaheim, santa ana

Question 16

NUL - fortress developments

Answer 16

• postmodern cities
• result of social segregation
• designed for protection and security
• polarisation
  EG - USA and south africa, gated communities

Question 17

NUL - gentrified areas

Answer 17

• targeting run down areas of a city
• run down areas become wealthier
• changing demographics and patterns of wellbeing
  EG brixton

Question 18

postmodern western city

Answer 18

and urban form associated with changes in urban structure and design
- reflects the changed social and economic conditions in western cities

Question 19

characteristics of a postmodern western city

Answer 19

multi nodal structure
fragmentation - cities are ethnically diverse but segregation is more common
beautification - architecture is an expression of art rather than function
gentrification
privatisation - private ownership of land

Question 20

characteristics of a modern city

Answer 20

concentric ring
functional landscape
industrial economy
totality planning
class division and homogeneity