Urban Worlds (3) Flashcards
1
Q
What different stages to cities go through when they develop?
A
Urbanisation
Suburbanisation
De-industrialisation
Counter-urbanisation
Regeneration
2
Q
Describe Urbanisation
A
- increase in proportion of the population living in urban areas
- cities in developed countries grew during the Industrial Revolution (1760-1850)
- workers lived in small, terraced housing around factories in the city centre
3
Q
Describe Suburbanisation
A
- movement of people from urban areas to surrounding suburbs (centre -> edge)
- urban areas expand rapidly (sprawl) as more housing is built
- offer more open, green space with a cleaner environment
- improved transport networks meant that people could live in the suburbs and commute to work in the city
4
Q
Describe De-industrialisation
A
- manufacturing sector moves out of an area
- move to rural areas where (land) rents are cheaper or overseas, where costs are lower (GLOBAL SHIFT)
- leads to de-population, due to a lack of jobs
- city centre and industrial zones decline, so unemployment increases - lower standards of living (poverty)
- services are at risk of closing
5
Q
Describe Counter-urbanisation
A
- movement of people away from urban areas to rural areas
- higher quality of life and house prices are often lower
- increased transport means that people can live further away and commute to work
- increased communication services (eg. high speed internet connections) allow people to work from home
- some companies no longer need to be in a city centre - can locate to rural areas where land is cheaper
6
Q
Describe Regeneration
A
- reverse the decline of urban areas
- governments and private companies invest in new development (eg. high quality flats, upgrading infrastructure) to attract people and businesses back
- when some business return, others are encouraged to do so as well
- young, single people often want to live close to work and good entertainment services (eg. bars, nightclubs)
7
Q
What is land use influenced by?
A
Availability
Accessibility
Planning Regulations
Cost
8
Q
Describe Accessibility
A
- city centres are accessible - main train and bus routes and road networks
- shops and offices locate in the CBD as they must be accessible to many people
- some business now locate on the edge of cities to avoid traffic congestion
9
Q
Describe Availability
A
- in the CBD, there is little ground space, therefore buildings have to expand upwards - lots or tall buildings
- Brownfield land (eg. old industrial areas) can be redeveloped into shops/offices
- lots of space on the edge of cities where larger buildings (eg. shopping centres) can be built (IF ALLOWED)
10
Q
Describe Cost (land use)
A
- the CBD has the highest land prices; cost falls as you move further out
- some businesses can afford to locate in the CBD, but there are few houses
- houses tend to increase in size as you move further outwards as the cost of land decreases
11
Q
Describe Planning Regulations
A
- city planners try to control how a city develops
- often strict planning regulations - polluting industries may be banned
- Greenbelt land may not be allowed to be built on - prevents sprawl
12
Q
What is urbanisation?
A
The growth in the proportion of people of a country’s population living in urban areas
13
Q
Where does urbanisation occur the fastest? (currently)
A
Developing countries
- Slower rate in developed countries (have already urbanised)
14
Q
What is a megacity?
A
A city with more than 10 million residents
15
Q
Where are most megacities found?
A
Asia
- Tokyo
- Jakarta
- Karachi
(eg)
