Urban Unit Flashcards
State the names of each ring of the Concentric Ring Model. ( Burgess Model)
1 - CBD or Central Business District
2 & 3 - Inner City - (Factories and Workers Housing)
4 & 5 - Suburbs
6 - Rural/Urban Fringe
What is the CBD?
The Central Business District is found in the centre of town. This is where shops, offices,banks,public buildings and entertainment may be found. The CBD is the route centre meaning major roads meet there. It is very crowded and busy. There is very little spare land so this means land here is expensive as it is in demand.
How do you Identify the CBD on an Ordnance Survey Map?
- Bus Station
- Train Station
- Tourist Information/Museums
- Art Galleries
- Many old buildings (i.e Churches,Cathedrals)
- Narrow Unplanned Roads
- Many main roads meet here ( Spider-Web)
What is the Inner City?
The Inner City is close to the town centre. It is where most of the Old industrial buildings and factories are found.
How do you Identify the Inner City on an Ordnance Survey Map?
- Large, Irregularly Shaped buildings
- Canals with locks
- Railways
- Works,Factories, warehouses,breweries
- Near CBD
- Little open space
- Football Stadiums
- Churches
- Straight streets
- Grid Iron Street patterns
- Main roads
What are the Suburbs?
The Suburbs are nearly all housing. There is more open space with many houses having gardens and parks nearby. Land is cheap. New Shopping centres and small industrial estates appear here.
How do you Identify the Suburbs on an Ordnance Survey map?
- Cul-De-Sacs and crescents
- Spaced out housing
- Gardens
- Main roads on edge of Area
How do you Identify the Suburbs Industrial Area?
- Located beside Main Roads
- Planned Layout
- Plenty of Parking Spaces and wide roads
- It is landscaped with grass and trees
- It is built on cheap land with room to expand
How do you Identify the Suburbs Business District?
- High order shops such as Furniture stores
- Restaurants and Entertainments
- It is located beside main roads
- It has plenty of parking spaces and wide roads
- It is landscaped with grass and trees
- It is built on cheap land with room to expand
Describe some recent developments in the CBD to stop Urban Decay, (Shopping Changes)?
Undercover Shopping Centres - such as Buchanan Galleries and ST Enoch Centre were built to encourage people into the city centre to increase revenue through ‘all weather retail opportunities’
Pedestrianised Shopping Streets - such as Buchanan Street provide a safer and less polluted shopping
environment. On the other hand, cars are restricted to other areas and congest neighbouring streets
Shop Closures - eg Borders bookshop on Buchanan Street shut down due to increased competition
from internet shopping, out of town shopping centres and 24 hour supermarkets
Discount Stores - eg Poundland are popping up throughout the CBD to cater for the less affluent
shopper.
Large chain stores have opened up - e.g. NEXT, BOOTS. These chain stores locate here as they can
afford the high rents of the city centre
Specialist high order shopping - areas have also been opened such as Princes Square and the Italian
Centre, where expensive designer boutiques including Armani and Versace are found.
Describe the recent developments in the CBD. (Transport Changes)?
Pedestrianised Streets - reduce the number of vehicles and so helps reduce congestion and pollution
Multi-storey car parks - reduce the number of cars parked on streets blocking roads
Car parking charges - have increased to discourage people from bringing their cars to the CBD
Bus lanes - allow buses to run more quickly, encouraging more people to travel via bus
One-way streets - like those around George Square allow traffic to flow more easily and cut
congestion
Extensions to roads - like the M74 have been built to take traffic away from CBD
Fast link - Bus Rapid Tranist (BRT) links the CBD to the new Southern General Hospital taking more cars
off the road
Minimising the Impact of Private Cars - 64 electric charging points have been installed in the CBD
allowing free parking and charging for electric cars and City Car Club offers short term vehicle hire.
Describe the main improvements to the Gorbals?
Improved Employment- A new industrial estate was built in the site of the old steelworks. A new hotel, college and other services all provide jobs in the area.
Improved Housing - New 2 storey brick tenements have been built. Some new houses for sale (not just renting) attracting a wider social mix to the Gorbals. Some of the high rise flats have been pulled down.
Improved Environment - Houses now have their own private gardens and communal areas have been landscaped
Improved Services - A new library, health centre and leisure have been built
2014 Commonwealth Games - The ‘Athletes Village’ was built to accommodate athletes at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. This has transformed the area close to Celtic Park and provided, among other things, 1000 private houses to buy, 300 council houses and an elderly care home.
River Clyde Old Docks
The dockland area of Glasgow has been regenerated through:
-New industry eg TV Studios and Newspaper Headquarters setting up on the cheaper land
-Expensive housing with waterfront views have been built
-Gentrification has occurred making a poor area of Glasgow into a richer one which attracts a higher social class of people.
-Hotels and restaurants have been built along the waterfront where there is more space
-Cyclepaths and walkways were built along the River Clyde to help with the problems associated with traffic congestion
Describe Recent developments in the Rural to Urban Fringe regarding New Housing estates
New Housing Estates
- The suburbs are very attractive to large house builders:
- It offers large amounts of unpolluted land to build on (green field sites)
- As this is further from the CBD, land is cheaper
- It is cost effective for developers to build outwards and there is room to build garages and gardens
- New housing developments continue to add to the problem of urban sprawl as people desire to live in a quiet, out of town location.
- Small villages, eg Clarkston, have been eaten up by the Glasgow City boundary. The result is an ever expanding city boundary, loss of identity for smaller settlements and increasing house prices for local first time buyers
Describe changes to Mumbai’s CBD
Transport Facilities
- Building transport facilities has become more and more difficult because of the cities site and situation;
- It was originally on several islands so bridges have had to be built.
- Bombay Island itself is narrow, so there is little space for roads and railways.
- The CBD is at the southern tip of the island so can only be accessed from the North
- As a result, very few roads and railways reach the centre although 8 million commuters manage to head there everyday. This means the roads are congested and buses and trains are over crowded with people hanging to their sides and roofs. This problem is only getting worse.
Transport Solutions in Mumbai
- Mumbai Local Authority got financial support from The World Bank in order to help with transport problems. The local police monitor the traffic situation using CCTV cameras and change the traffic lights from green to red or vice versa in order to increase the traffic flow.
- This has been successful because it reduces traffic congestion however it has not completely solved the problem.
Describe Squatter Camps in Mumbai
Squatter areas are places where people settle on land which they do not own or rent. This is the
poorest accommodation in Mumbai. No one owns or rents them. They are makeshift shelter with no
amenities and no services; this means there is a high level of disease. There are lots of immigrants
and it is very unsafe.
