Urban Settlements and Sustainable Management of Urban Settlement

Question 1

What is a settlement

Answer 1

A place where people set up home to live. Settlements develop over time and their use can change over this time

Question 2

Why is urban living better than rural life? What are the pull factors that make people migrate to urban areas?

Answer 2

More job opportunities, better education, better quality housing, proximity to doctors, better access to food, Modern technology provides for a better city infrastructure, improved public transport, recreational activities, social services, and more all improve livability

Question 3

Where will the majority of the world’s urban population growth take place?

Answer 3

In the urban areas of Asia and Africa at 90% by 2050: that is from small to medium-sized urban areas in developing countries where the correlation between the rate of urbanization and economic development is weaker.

Question 4

The fastest-growing urban agglomerations are?

Answer 4

medium-sized cities and cities with less than 1 million inhabitants located in Asia and Africa.

Question 5

Most mega-cities and large cities are located in?

Answer 5

the global South.

Question 6

Just three countries together are expected to account for 37 percent of the projected growth of the world’s urban population between 2014 and 2050.

Answer 6

India, China and Nigeria- India is projected to add 404 million urban dwellers, China 292 million, and Nigeria 212 million.

Question 7

Close to half of the world’s urban dwellers reside in?

Answer 7

relatively small settlements of less than 500,000 inhabitants

Question 8

Only around 1/8 of the world’s urban dwellers live in?

Answer 8

in the 28 mega-cities with more than 10 million inhabitants.

Question 9

Which is the world’s largest city in 2030 followed closely by another city as second largest?

Answer 9

Tokyo with 37 million inhabitants, followed closely by Delhi where the population is projected to rise swiftly to 36 million.

Question 10

What are the push factors from rural areas?

Answer 10

lack of jobs, limited public transport, little to no access to internet, little education, inadequaate housing, foodd insecurity, and lack of docotrs and. sociallisation woth different people

Question 11

what happened to settlements as an increasing number of people migrate to urban areas?

Answer 11

Settlements have grown to such sizes, new names have been created for them: such as conurbations

Question 12

conurbation meaning?

Answer 12

an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city.

Question 13

Example of a conurbation or agglomeration

Answer 13

Greater Tokyo Area also called Shutoken with 38 million people containing cities of Chiba, Yokokhama, Kawasaki, Saitama, and Sagamihara.

Question 14

What are many large conurbations now called?

Answer 14

Megacities: must have a population of over 10 million to be classified as a megacity.

Question 15

What does the settlement hierarchy model suggests?

Answer 15

As population increases, so do the number of services the settlement provides. With the increase in the number AND RANGE of goods and services, the settlement becomes more attractive to people and so more people move in.

Question 16

What is sphere of influence.

Answer 16

Basically means as a settlement grows attractive and more people move in, other people also travel to the settlement, giving it a larger sphere of influence.

Question 17

What pressures or problems do urban areas face?

Answer 17

Increasing pressure of more people moving in as it means more need of jobs, education, doctors, etc. and more people using transport. In many cases, more people migrate into the city than the services can support.

Question 18

What is the consequence of people migrating to megacities in low income countries where urbanization tended to happen the most?

Answer 18

They found themselves to live in even poor areas often known as shanty towns with do not have better job opportunities, no better education, no better housing or no better access to healthcare.

Question 19

What is regeneration?

Answer 19

Re-development of an area- old buildings are either deconstructed and rebuilt or modernised.

Question 20

Small settlements will provide what kind of services?

Answer 20

Low-order services such as post offices, doctors and newsagents

Question 21

Large towns, cities and conurbations will provide what kind of services?

Answer 21

low and high-order services such as leisure centres, chain stores and hospitals.

Question 22

Services such as department stores selling high order goods have a higher?

Answer 22

threshold than those selling low order goods such as newsagents. This means they need a higher number of people to support them and make them profitable, therefore they will only be found in larger settlements.

Question 23

The range of a service or product is th?

Answer 23

the maximum distance people are prepared to travel to purchase it. The range of a newspaper is much lower than an item of furniture for example.

Question 24

The larger the settlement, the greater the?

Answer 24

greater the range of services and therefore the market area or sphere of influence- because of a variety of facilities offered.

Question 25

What is a Hamlet?

Answer 25

a clustered human settlement that is smaller than a village.

Question 26

Difference between villages and hamlet in terms of economic aspect.

Answer 26

All settlers in a hamlet are typically centered around one economic activity. Villages are generally based on agriculture, but some villages may also be based on other occupations such as mining, fishing, and quarrying

Question 27

Difference between MEDCs and LEDCs land use model

Answer 27

In LEDCs the poorest housing is found on the edge of the city - in contrast to MEDC cities whose suburban fringe is very often a place of high quality housing

Question 28

Megacities are often

Answer 28

agglomerations, created when two or more towns and cities grow so large that they join together.

Question 29

Due to their increasing size and the sheer number of people in them, megacities have specific problems such as

Answer 29

water supply, waste management and the sustainability of the housing stock.

Question 30

recent megacity growth is due to a positive feedback loop between?

Answer 30

accessibility for migrants, and the development of transport infrastructure. As modern transport networks (especially highways and trains) have developed, they have made it easier for migrants to reach the megacity

Question 31

Megacities are so large that they usually have (function based)

Answer 31

multiple functions and it is difficult to identify a single main function. They often have industrial and transport functions, but also act as hubs (centres) of commerce and finance, educational excellence, and as political and administrative headquarters.

Question 32

The land use of megacities is usually

Answer 32

highly varied- result in a land use pattern that has distinct local centres within it, but may not have any obvious central business district. This fits closely with the Multiple Nuclei model of urban land use, developed by Ullman and Harris in 1945

Question 33

What are the sites of Megacities?

Answer 33

An adequate supply of fresh water- water supplies that were historically on site (fresh water springs, and rivers) are more likely to be piped from the surrounding rural areas. Often coastal which makes it easy for trade, and therefore employment
A large area of flat land suitable for building
Land that is generally well drained, but now poor drainages in some places

Question 34

Megacities tend to grow in both

Answer 34

the land area and population, and also affect the proportion of people living in rural areas compared to urban areas

Question 35

The growth of megacities is generally

Answer 35

unplanned, as the city grows due to large amounts of migration from rural areas.

Question 36

Was the development of the Shanghai and g Shanghai and the Pearl River Delta region planned or spontaneous in China?

Answer 36

carefully planned and these cities have strong public transport networks, service provision and economic opportunities for the incoming migrants. migration was planned by the central government in an effort to reduce poverty in China and provide workers for the huge industrial expansion that occurred in the period

Question 37

What does the Burgess model assume?

Answer 37

a relationship between the socio-economic status (mainly income) of households and the distance from the Central Business District (CBD). The further from the CBD, the better the quality of housing, but the longer the commuting time. Thus, accessing better housing is done at the expense of longer commuting times (and costs)

Question 38

What is the CBD

Answer 38

Central Business District (called the “loop” in Chicago) where most of the tertiary employment is located and where the urban transport infrastructure converges, making this zone the most accessible.

Question 39

What is one of the sustainable ways of developing urban settlements mentioned in the Geography MYP CONCEPTS BOOK?

Answer 39

Regeneration

Question 40

Where is the regeneration planning technique mostly followed?

Answer 40

High income countries.