Urban regeneration

Question 1

Property led regeneration

Answer 1

Urban development corporations

Question 2

Partnerships between local and national governments and the private sector

Answer 2

City challenge

Schemes and strategies of the 21st century

Question 3

Property led- Urban development corporations

Answer 3

• Set up in to 1980s and 90s to take responsibility for the physical, economic and social regeneration of selected inner city areas
• Planning approval powers above those of local authorities
• Encouraged to spend public money on the purchase of land, building and marketing
• Boards of UDCS were mainly made up of people from local business community

Question 4

Problems with UDCs

Answer 4

• Lost huge sums of money through the compulsory purchase of land that later fell in value
• Greater powers than local authorities- democratic accountability removed (locals not involved)

Question 5

London Docklands UDC case study

Answer 5

• 1960s- decline
• Larger vessels couldn’t access docks
• Fewer jobs because of mechanisation
• Decline of Port industries
• Poor housing- by 1981, 80% lived in poor quality high rise council flats
• 160,000 trees planted
• 17 conservation areas
• 120,000 jobs created
• Office construction. E.g flagship canary wharf
• Accessibility improved- London city airport, docklands light railway
• National indoor sports centre

Question 6

London Docklands limitations

Answer 6

• Locals had no say
• Many of the new hi tech jobs attracted to the area weren’t suitable
• Failed to bring wealth to locals
• ‘yuppie’ residents pushed house prices beyond the reach of original residents

Question 7

City challenge partnership

Answer 7

• New approach to funding- competitive bidding
• Local authority had to devise an imaginative project and form a partnerships in its local inner city area with the private sector and local communities
• Partnership submitted 5 year plan to central government in competition with other areas
• Adressed weaknesses of earlier regeneration- partners were better co ordinated, co operation between local authorities an private and public groups, prioritised equal value to buildings, people and property
• Areas suffered from high unemployment, poor levels of education, environmental deterioration, increasing derelict land, high crime
• compeition between areas for funding was believed to be successful because it improved the quality of proposals and encouraged new imaginative ideas

Question 8

Limitations of city challenge

Answer 8

• Money should have been allocated according to need, not competitive advantage
• Neighbouring authorities competed against each other when they could’ve worked together

Question 9

City challenge hulme

Answer 9

• £37.5 million investment
• Organisations involved- the guiness trust, beltway homes, manchester city council
• Appearance changed dramatically
• 600 new homes
• Crime greatly reduced
• ASDA

Question 10

Schemes and strategies of the 21st century- prestige project developments

Answer 10

• Creation of innovative eye catching developments

e. g waterfront developments in cardiff bay

Question 11

Schemes and strategies of the 21st century- sustainable communities

Answer 11

Places where people will want to be both now and in the future
Allow people who live in cities to have access to a home, job and reliable income

Question 12

Sustainable communities - greenwich millennium village, london

Answer 12

built on 121 hectares of brownfield site so transformed the previous gasworks
Aims to cut primary energy use by 80% by using low energy building techniques
Britain’s first low energy sainsbury