Urban Processes

Question 1

Urbanisation

Answer 1

The increase of people moving into urban areas

Question 2

Suburbanisation

Answer 2

When urban areas grow and engulf surrounding areas, creating the suburbs.

Question 3

Causes of suburbanisation

Answer 3

• improved transportation links means the upper middle class can afford to move to the suburbs and commute to work, raise families in a cleaner environment.

Question 4

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 4

The movement of people out of the city into villages and rural areas nearby.

Question 5

Causes of counter-urbanisation

Answer 5

• people leave the city because of high prices, overcrowding and overpopulation
• they prefer rural areas

Question 6

Effects of urbanisation

Answer 6

Can lead to shanty towns in LICs

Question 7

Effects of suburbanisation

Answer 7

Can lead to economic and ethnic segregation as wealthier people move to the suburbs and those left behind are poorer, which may include foreign immigrants.

Question 8

Effects of counterurbanisation

Answer 8

Causes new housing estates to be built in more rural areas/villages which could cause an increase in housing prices their, forcing out the locals (specifically younger people) and creating an age divide.

Question 9

Urban resurgence

Answer 9

The movement of people back into the city centre

Question 10

Causes of urban resurgence

Answer 10

Lack of jobs in rural or suburban areas, common in Uk and USA (post-industrial countries)

Question 11

Effects of urban resurgence

Answer 11

• New shops and services may open in the city as people move back, boosting the local economy and creating jobs.
• however original residents may now not be able to afford to live their, so have to move out into cheaper areas (could affect their jobs).

Question 12

Megacities

Answer 12

• city with a population of over 10 million

Question 13

What is a world city

Answer 13

A city with political and financial influence over the whole world e.g London and Sydney

Question 14

Features of world cities

Answer 14

• banking and finance leader (e.g London, New York)
• dominate regional and international trade
• home to world renowned universities
• centres for science, innovation, research and development facilities
• centres for culture, media and communication
• tend to attract many tourists, migrants, student and investors