Urban Change

Question 1

Economic features of urbanisation

Answer 1

• cities attract more people due to more job opportunities, better pair jobs
• as the urban population increases, businesses expand and further jobs are created, wages increase too.

Question 2

Social features of urbanisation

Answer 2

• cities often have better quality of life due to better access to services, nightlife, education, healthcare etc, causing more people to move in. This will grow the economy and shape the cultural diversity of the city.
• increased mix of people from different backgrounds creates more tolerance and welcoming, attracting more migrants, however this can lead to social segregation.

Question 3

Technological features of urbanisation

Answer 3

• transport improves over time meaning more people can migrate into the city, however this could also reduce urbanisation in larger cities and encourage commuters.
• cities with high tech industries attract highly skilled workers, increases economic growth.

Question 4

Political features of urbanisation

Answer 4

• political movements can form to represent the working class to improve conditions such as sanitation. This is due to urbanisation leading to classism and segregation.

Question 5

Demographic features of urbanisation

Answer 5

• As cities become larger and wealthier, they attract more migrants and area become more culturally and ethnically diverse and new areas are created e.g Chinatown
• many young people are attracted to cities due to night life, university, jobs and often settle down and have children here, meaning cities have lower average age of population.

Question 6

Deindustrialisation

Answer 6

The loss of industrial activity in a city/country etc, usually in HICs (developed) due to competition with manufacturing for cheaper in LICs (undeveloped).
- driven by outsourcing overseas

Question 7

Rise of the service economy

Answer 7

During 1980s service industries such as retail and banking started to increase and dominate western economies, cause majority of economic growth after deindustrialisation.

Question 8

Decentralisation

Answer 8

As land prices in city centres increase, businesses such as shops and offices may relocate to the suburbs (retail parks). Can lead to job losses, dereliction, urban poverty.