Urban Policy

Question 1

Urban development corporations (UDCs) (1979 - 1990s), example and effects

Answer 1

• created by the government, used private sector funding to restore derelict areas.

Example: Merseyside docks, Liverpool

✅Liverpool was awarded “European capital of the culture” due to dock’s improvements in image, boosted tourism, promoting further investment, creating jobs and boosting the economy.
❌ Lead to increased rent in the area, forcing out locals. Cost of regeneration of the docks (however it creates jobs but these jobs are only temporary).

Question 2

Enterprise zones - (1981-present) examples and effects

Answer 2

• established in areas with high unemployment to attract start up companies and create jobs, reducing tax in area.

Question 3

City challenge - 1991-1997

Answer 3

Where local authorities competed for government funding to be used for the regeneration of deprived areas by local community groups and private companies to improve social, economic and environmental of the deprived areas.
Example: Hulme city challenge.
- needed due to poor quality housing causing issues, leading to people moving out and relying on state benefits. Area became dominated by social housing. Drugs and crime were on the rise.
✅ thousands of houses improved/homes built, crime/drugs reduced, locals played a part so it appealed to all.
❌ expensive scheme, area is still relatively poor, a lot of social housing with high unemployment.

Question 4

Partnership schemes - (2010-present)

Answer 4

• Government worked has worked with private companies with expertise for urban regeneration to improve social, economic, environmental.

Question 5

What are the 4 urban policies

Answer 5

City challenge, partnership schemes, urban development corporations, enterprise zones