Urban Issues and Challenges - Including Leeds and Rio Flashcards
There are _____ industrial districts in Rio which provide jobs for local people
There are 5 industrial districts in the city which provide jobs for the local people
Rio produces _____% of Brazil’s GDP
Rio produces 5% of Brazil’s GDP
Rio staged the _____ and the _____
Rio staged the 2014 football World Cup and 2016 Olympics
The _____ rate in Rio is declining
The unemployment rate in Rio is declining
Annually, Rio exports a total of $_____ worth of goods
Annually, Rio exports a total of $7.49 billion worth of goods
Rio is home to many Brazilian based and _____ companies like _____
Rio is home to many Brazilian based and Global companies like Santander
Push factor examples…
Lack of healthcare, public transport, education, access to jobs
Worse quality of life
Pull factor examples…
Great job opportunities, better healthcare, better quality of life, better education.
_____% of Rio has access to a mains water supply compared to _____% of the rural population
95% of Rio has access to a mains water supply compared to 65% of the rural population
Only _____% of children in Rio continue in education after 14 YO.
Many drop out, becoming involved in crime.
Only 50% of children in Rio continue in education after 14 YO
In favelas, the infant mortality rate is ____ per 1000 compared to ____ per 1000 nationally
In favelas the infant mortality rate is 50 per 1000 compared to 15 per 1000 nationally
Rio provides ____% of Brazil’s employment
Rio provides 6% of Brazil’s employment
The 2 stages of ‘pacification’ are…
- Drive out criminal gangs using armed police
2. Provide social services to those struggling in Favelas
____% of Leeds’ population were born outside the UK
12% of Leeds’ population were born outside of the UK
____% of Leeds is green space
22% of Leeds is green space
Examples of recreational entertainment in Leeds?
YCCC, Leeds Rhinos, LUFC, Trinity Shopping, West Yorkshire Playhouse, Leeds Grand
Examples of Urban Greening projects… - Leeds
Roundhay Park, Temple Newsam, Holbeck Viaduct project.
What is Beeston and Holbeck’s (in comparison to Horsforth’s) percentage of population claiming unemployment benefits?
- 3% - Beeston
0. 9% - Horsforth
What is the percentage of child poverty in Beeston and Holbeck in comparison to Horsforth?
38% - Beeston
13% - Horsforth
When did Deindustrialisation begin in Leeds?
1950s
Examples of regeneration on the South Bank -
The Tetley, Bridgewater Place (Leeds’ tallest building), The Brewery Wharf area.
What percentage of non-improved favelas have no sewage connections?
50%
What was built in the Complexo de Alemão favela to speed up travel?
A cable car, which reduced travel time across the favela from 2 hours to 16 minutes.
How much did the cable car cost to build?
$64m
When did the cable car stop running? + why?
2017
The cable car didn’t have enough government funding, and residents were unable to maintain and fix the cable car
What percentage of houses are built from brick in CdA?
90%
How many cultural museums does Rio have?
50 cultural museums
What are examples of Rio’s international transport hub?
Rio has 5 ports and 3 airports, which provides jobs to the local area
What percentage of favelas have no electricity?
30% of favelas have no access to electricity
What percentage of Rio has access to a family health clinic?
40%
Rio is the most congested city in South America.
By what percentage has the number of cars risen by in the last decade?
The number of cars in Rio has risen by 40% in the last decade
Why is waste disposal an issue in favelas?
Very narrow streets and sprawling layout of favelas makes it impossible for rubbish trucks to navigate the streets
How many deaths occur per year in Favelas due to poor air quality?
5000 people die per year in Rio because of poor air quality. Due to congestion + pollutants
How much has fishing declined by in the last 20 years as a result of water pollution?
Fishing in Rio has declined by 90% in 20 years due to the poor water quality
What is creating poor water quality in Rio?
Comes from Favelas’ open sewers as well as industrial waste, oil spills and a lack of waste collection
What advantages did the Campo Grande settlement have?
The Campo Grande settlement had better quality housing and had good sanitation, clean water and electricity
Why was Campo Grande constructed?
800 new houses had to be built 1.5 hours away from Rio as a result of residents being compulsorily evicted due to the Olympics
What disadvantages did the Campo Grande settlement have?
It is 1.5 hours away from the city centre, meaning residents had to give up their jobs
Lacks community facilities like health clinics, school and areas for children to play
When was a new hydroelectric complex built in Rio and how much more energy does this provide?
New HEP complex built in 2013, providing 30% more energy
What percentage of Rio’s 105 hospitals are public?
34% of Rio’s 105 hospitals are public
What example is there of industry growing in Rio?
Land Rover have opened a £240 million car factory, employing 300 people
What education opportunities are there in favelas?
Rocinha has a university, providing higher education
A 20% unemployment rate is solved in favelas through education in the SCHOOLS OF TOMORROW
What social (healthcare, services + care) opportunities are there in favelas?
7 new water treatment plants built in favelas
Free childcare is available for teenage parents to allow education to continue
Medical staff take health kits into homes, which can detect 30 different diseases
What percentage of water in Rio is lost through leaky pipes and illegal interference with the water supply?
Rio loses 37% of its water supply through leaks and tapping into a supply
What issues does Rio’s electricity supply have?
Favelas get lots of power through illegal tapping into the electricity supply
Increasing demand for electricity leads to frequent blackouts and fluctuations in the supply
What is the unemployment rate in favelas?
Favelas have an unemployment rate of 20%
What fraction of Favela employment takes place in the informal economy + what does this mean?
1/3 of favela employment takes place in the informal economy, meaning these workers are not taxed or monitored by the government
Why is rural-urban migration an issue in Rio?
Rural-urban migration occurs so much due to poor access to employment in rural areas. This leads to overpopulation and the growth of shanty towns and favelas
What percentage of post-graduates remain in Leeds following the completion of courses?
56% of students
What percentage of Leeds’ population is born outside of the UK? + what percentage of Leeds’ primary school students do not speak English as their first language?
12% of Leeds’ population is born outside of the UK
22% of Leeds’ primary school kids do not primarily speak English
(Example for opportunities)
What examples are there of Leeds’ cultural mix?
Every August, Leeds West Indian Carnival is held
Lots of exposure to other religions and cultures
What examples are there of recreation and entertainment in Leeds?
YCCC, LUFC, Leeds Rhinos, Trinity, Royal Armouries, WY Playhouse, Leeds Grand, Leeds First Direct
How is Channel 4 creating employment opportunities in Leeds? How are other companies creating employment opportunities in Leeds?
Moving its national HQ to Leeds, creating 200 new jobs in the region
HMRC and Asda own offices based in Leeds
What percentage of Leeds is green space?
Name examples of increasing urban greenery
22% Horsforth Hall Park Roundhay Park Temple Newsam A proposed walkway between Beeston + Holbeck and City centre
What is the percentage of White British people living in Beeston and Holbeck compared to Horsforth?
B+H - 56%
Horsforth - 86%
DISPARITIES BETWEEN RACE
Where does the 60% of Leeds’ unrecycled waste go? What happens? How is this sustainable?
Goes to the RERF, where majority of waste is burnt, creating electricity from the waste which is sustainable, providing thousands of houses with electricity (incineration)
What is the life expectancy in Beeston and Holbeck compared to Horsforth?
B+H - 78
Horsforth - 84
What features were added to Brewery wharf
Apartments built and abandoned warehouses done up to be attractive to professionals. Bars like 212 bar and Acuzar tapas restaurant.
What regeneration was done to the Tetley
Old Tetley brewery renovated and made into an art gallery, learning studio, bar and kitchen and event spaces.
Brings community together
What percentage of favelas don’t have access to proper sewage drainage?
50% of favelas
