Coastal Landscapes General

Question 1

Name the two types of waves.

Answer 1

• constructive

- destructive

Question 2

Which type of wave causes erosion?

Answer 2

Destructive waves

Question 3

What are the characteristics of a constructive wave?

Answer 3

Strong swash
Weak backwash
Long wavelengths, low amplitudes

Question 4

Name the characteristics of a destructive wave

Answer 4

Weak swash
Strong backwash
Smaller wavelength, larger amplitude

Question 5

Name two mechanical weathering processes and describe them.

Answer 5

-freeze thaw weathering
Water collects in holes, freezes and expands
-Exfoliation
Caused by large variation in temperature. Heating and cooling of rock causes it to expand and contract

Question 6

Explain chemical weathering.

Answer 6

Also called solution. Affects rock like limestone and chalk (made of calcium carbonate). Rain falls it becomes weakly acidic and dissolves the calcium carbonate

Question 7

Explain biological weathering

Answer 7

Actions of plants and animals that weathers material. E.g Plant roots grow and expand in cracks

Question 8

Name the three forms of mass movement.

Answer 8

• rockfalls
• landslides
• slumping

Question 9

Name the four processes of erosion.

Answer 9

• hydraulic action
• attrition
• abrasion
• solution

Question 10

Name the four methods of transportation.

Answer 10

• traction
• saltation
• suspension
• solution

Question 11

What is the movement of sediment from one end to another end of a beach called?

Answer 11

Longshore drift

Question 12

Describe wave rarefraction

Answer 12

• commonly occurs in bays
• wave energy converges on headlands
• wave energy diverges in bays on soft rock

Question 13

What is a discordant coastline?

Answer 13

The layers of more and less resistant rock are perpendicular to the coastline, headlands and bays are formed

Question 14

What is a concordant coastline?

Answer 14

Layers of more and less resistant rock are parallel to the coastline, form cliffs and wave cut platforms