urban issues and Challenges HIC City – London Flashcards
what is rural urban migration
people moving from the countryside to towns or cities
what is internal migration
people moving within a country
what is international migration
people moving from one country to another
what is natural increase
when birth rates exceed death rates
(the birth rate minus the death rate of a population)
define rural area
an area that is located outside towns and cities, characterised by low population and building density
define urbanisation
the increasing proportion of people living in towns and cities
define urban area
places of human settlement with high population density, characterised by their built-up infrastructure
define rates of urbanisation
the projected change of the size of the urban population over one year, measured as a percentage
what is economic opportunities
chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment
what are mega-cities
an urban area with a total population in excess of 10 million people
define migration
when people move from one area to another, in many LICs people move from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration)
what is natural increase
the birth rate subtract the death rate of a population
what is a brownfield site
land that has been previously used, abandoned, and now awaits a new use
what is a greenfield site
a plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area that has not yet been subject to any building development
What is the definition of sustainable urban living
sustainable urban living is creating urban spaces which meet the social, economic and environmental needs of the places, now and in the future
developing in a way that can support present and future generations
What is waste management
The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste
Define dereliction
Abandoned buildings and wasteland
Define economic opportunities
Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment
What are inequalities
Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ well-being an access to things like jobs, housing and education. Inequalities may occur in housing provision, access to services, access to open land, safety and security.
What are megacities
an urban area with a total population in excess of 10 million people
Define migration
- when people move from one area to another
- (in many LICs people moved from rural to urban areas (rural-urban migration))
Define rural-urban fringe
A zone of transition between the buildup area and the countryside, where there is often competition for land use. It is a zone of mixed land uses, from out of town shopping centres and golf courses to farmland and motorways.
Define internal migration
Young professionals move to London for work, leads to an increase in the need for housing, especially flats and departments e.g. Battersea Power Station
Define international migration
Windrush generation to SE London - Brixton - Caribbean culture and food e.g. Brixton market, Reggae music. Southall - Indian migrants - Bollywood cinema and Indian cuisine.
What percentage of the population in London is born outside of the UK
41%
What are examples of recreation and entertainment in London
West End, museums e.g. Natural History Museum, tourist attractions e.g. London Eye, Buckingham Palace.
What are the types of transport in London
Integrated transport system - London underground, overland trains, cross rail, bus network, cycle paths
(Environmental: urban greening) What percentage of London is green space
47% - large areas of green space e.g. Hyde Park, Regents Park
Challenges - what are examples of urban deprivation
Inequalities in housing, education, health and employment
What is the male life expectancy (health) in Kensington and Chelsea
83.7
What is the male life expectancy (health) in Newham
75.7
What is the percentage of unemployment in Kensington and Chelsea
3.9%
What is the percentage of unemployment in Newham
79.8%
What is the percentage of 5 good GCSEs (education) in Kensington and Chelsea
80%
What is the percentage of 5 good GCSEs (education) in Newham
62%
What percentage of children in Camden live in low income households with poor housing
60%
