tectonic hazards

Question 1

What are primary effects

Answer 1

People - loss of life and homes
Land - damage to ground, houses, water pipes

Question 2

What are secondary effects

Answer 2

Economic cost, long-term damage to an areas income/industries/tourism

Question 3

What is the definition of primary effects

Answer 3

Things that happen immediately as a direct result of the hazard e.g. ground rapture, landslides, buildings collapse liquefaction

Question 4

What is the definition of secondary effects

Answer 4

Things that happen in the hours, days and weeks after the initial hazard as a result of the primary effect e.g. fires, tsunamis, aftershocks, loss/gain of local tourism due to damage…

Question 5

What is an example of protection for earthquakes on buildings

Answer 5

Retrofit - steel bracing onto the outside of older buildings

Question 6

What are examples of ways to reduce death toll, damage to property and place’s economics (socioeconomic)

Answer 6

• use scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events such as volcanic eruptions (seismographic detection)
• designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards
• identifying and avoiding places most at risk
• make predictions using historical evidence and monitoring (sulphur dioxide, measure temperature of ground and satellite imagery)
• education - earthquake drills

Question 7

What are secondary hazards associated with earthquakes

Answer 7

Tsunamis, avalanches, landslides

Question 8

Word used to show a graph with lots of ups and downs in a short distance

Answer 8

Fluctuation (fluctuates)

Question 9

What does GEO stand for

Answer 9

G - generally (describe the general trend)
E - evidence (use evidence from the graph to illustrate your point)
O - oddities (anomalies) - things that do not fit the general pattern

Question 10

How do you find the percentage change from a graph (equation)

Answer 10

Difference 470 - 10
—————— x 100 = percentage change e.g. —————— x 100 = 4600%
Original 10