urban issues and challenges 2a Flashcards
Where is Urbanisation happening?
Urbanisation is happening all over the word but in LICs and NEEs rates are much faster than HICs. This is mostly because of the rapid economic growth they are experiencing.
causes of urbanisation
Rural - urban migration (1)
Natural Increase (2)
Push
Natural disasters
War and Conflict
Mechanisation
Drought
Lack of employment
Pull
More Jobs
Better education & healthcare
Increased quality of life.
Following family members
Increase in birth rate (BR)
High percentage of population are child-bearing age which leads to high fertility rate.
Lack of contraception or education about family planning.
Lower death rate (DR)
Higher life expectancy due to better living conditions and diet.
Improved medical facilities helps lower infant mortality rate.
Megacity
An urban area with over 10 million people living there.
Sustainable Urban Living
Sustainable urban living means being able to live in cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations also can use then.
Water Conservation
This is about reducing the amount of water used.
Collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets.
Installing water meters and toilets that flush less water.
Educating people on using less water.
Energy Conservation
Using less fossil fuels can reduce the rate of climate change.
Promoting renewable energy sources.
Making homes more energy efficient.
Encouraging people to use energy.
Creating Green Space
Creating green spaces in urban areas can improve places for people who want to live there.
Provide natural cooler areas for people to relax in.
Encourages people to exercise.
Reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff.
Waste Recycling
More recycling means fewer resources are used. Less waste reduces the amount that eventually goes to landfill.
Collection of household waste.
More local recycling facilities.
Greater awareness of the benefits in recycling.
Sustainable Urban Living Example: East Village
Rainwater used to flush toilets
Green roofs – encourage wildlife
Local buses connect to underground.
Good cycle routes and footpaths
Zero Carbon homes, energy efficient (combined heat and power biomass plant)
Integrated Transport System
This is the linking of different forms of public and private transport within a city and the surrounding area.
Brownfield Site
Brownfield sites is an area of land or premises that has been previously used, but has subsequently become vacant, derelict or contaminated.