Urban Issues and Challenges Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
What percentage of the world’s population currently lives in urban areas?
Around 55%.
What is the urban population percentage in Higher Income Countries (HICs)?
Around 80%.
What is the typical rate of urbanisation in Higher Income Countries (HICs)?
Usually under 1%.
What is the urban population percentage in Lower Income Countries (LICs)?
Around 30%.
What is the typical rate of urbanisation in Lower Income Countries (LICs)?
Up to 6%.
What percentage of the population in Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) lives in urban areas?
Around 50%.
What is the typical rate of urbanisation in Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs)?
Typically around 2%.
What causes urbanisation?
Rural-urban migration and natural increase.
What is rural-urban migration?
The movement of people from the countryside to cities.
What are push factors in rural-urban migration?
Factors that encourage people to leave an area, such as natural disasters and lack of jobs.
What are pull factors in rural-urban migration?
Factors that encourage people to move to an area, such as better job opportunities and access to healthcare.
What is natural increase in the context of urbanisation?
When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, leading to population growth.
What is a megacity?
An urban area with more than 10 million residents.
As of 2018, how many megacities are there globally?
33 megacities.
How many of the 33 megacities are located in LICs and NEEs?
27 megacities.
By what year is the number of megacities expected to increase to 43?
By 2030.
Fill in the blank: The rate of urbanisation is the change in size of urban populations over _______.
[time].
What factors affect the population distribution in the UK?
Relief and access to natural resources
The change in the height of the land influences where people live.
What are conurbations?
Towns that have merged to form continuous urban areas
These areas typically have the highest population density.
Which regions in the UK are sparsely populated?
Upland regions such as the north of Scotland
These areas are difficult to farm and have few natural resources.
Why have many coastal areas attracted human settlement?
Sheltered bays and river estuaries suitable for building harbours
Key ports like Liverpool and Cardiff have developed into major cities.
What role did mineral wealth play in urban development in the UK?
It led to rapid population growth where industries developed
Cities like Newcastle and Leeds developed on major coalfields.
Where do most urban areas in the UK develop?
Lowland areas
These areas are easier to build on and have milder climates than upland areas.