Resource Management

Question 1

What are the three essential resources for basic human development?

Answer 1

Food, water, and energy

Question 2

What can lack of access to safe, nutritious food cause?

Answer 2

Malnourishment

Question 3

What is undernourishment?

Answer 3

A type of malnourishment where people don’t get enough food of any kind

Question 4

How does malnourishment affect children’s development?

Answer 4

It can cause developmental issues like iron deficiency

Question 5

What are the consequences of inadequate access to clean water?

Answer 5

Water-borne diseases, pollution, and impact on food production

Question 6

Name two water-borne diseases mentioned in the text.

Answer 6

• Cholera
• Typhoid

Question 7

What role does energy play in a country’s development?

Answer 7

Essential for industry, transport, and domestic use

Question 8

How does electricity contribute to job creation?

Answer 8

It allows countries to develop industry

Question 9

What is the impact of energy consumption on lifestyles in higher income countries?

Answer 9

Dependent on a large, stable supply of energy

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Without electricity, people in lower income countries may use _______.

Answer 10

other resources like wood or kerosene

Question 11

What is the effect of resource lack on education and work?

Answer 11

It can prevent people from learning and using skills for economic development

Question 12

How is global resource distribution characterized?

Answer 12

Very uneven

Question 13

What do countries with limited resources need to do?

Answer 13

Import resources or find technological solutions

Question 14

What is a consequence of increasing consumption in newly emerging economies?

Answer 14

Rapid increase in resource consumption

Question 15

What defines high-value foods in the context of food demand changes?

Answer 15

Exotic fruits, vegetables, spices, and coffee

Question 16

What is seasonal food?

Answer 16

Food available only during the months that it grows

Question 17

What is driving the demand for organic produce?

Answer 17

Concerns about environmental impacts and health effects of chemicals

Question 18

What percentage of the UK’s total greenhouse gas emissions came from agriculture in 2017?

Answer 18

Up to 10%

Question 19

What does ‘food miles’ refer to?

Answer 19

The distance food is transported to the market

Question 20

What is the carbon footprint of food?

Answer 20

The amount of greenhouse gas produced while growing, packing, and transporting food

Question 21

Why are people looking for local food sources?

Answer 21

Awareness of environmental issues caused by transporting food over long distances

Question 22

What is agribusiness?

Answer 22

Large-scale, industrial farming controlled by large firms

Question 23

What has happened to farm sizes in the UK since the 1960s?

Answer 23

Farm sizes have increased due to consolidation

Question 24

What has increased in food production since the growth of agribusiness?

Answer 24

The amount of chemicals used

Question 25

What percentage of the UK's total employment was in agriculture in 2017?

Answer 25

Just over 1.1%

Question 26

What has contributed to the decline in agricultural employment?

Answer 26

Greater use of machinery

Question 27

What regions of the UK have high rainfall?

Answer 27

The north and west of the UK ## Footnote These areas are classified as water surplus regions.

Question 28

What regions of the UK have high water demand?

Answer 28

The south east and the Midlands ## Footnote These areas are classified as water deficit regions.

Question 29

By what percentage has household water usage in the UK increased since 1975?

Answer 29

About 20% ## Footnote This increase is partly due to more water-using appliances.

Question 30

What is the predicted population increase in the UK by 2040?

Answer 30

Over 6 million people ## Footnote This would bring the total population to nearly 73 million.

Question 31

What is a major source of water pollution in the UK?

Answer 31

Nitrates and phosphates from crop fertilisers ## Footnote These are washed into rivers and groundwater.

Question 32

What percentage of groundwater used for public supply in the UK is affected by pollution?

Answer 32

Nearly 50% ## Footnote Many sources have closed or require expensive treatment.

Question 33

What is one strategy to manage water quality?

Answer 33

Improving drainage systems ## Footnote Another strategy includes imposing regulations on fertilisers and pesticides.

Question 34

What is groundwater?

Answer 34

Water found underground in cracks and pores in rock, and in soil.

Question 35

What is one solution to the water supply and demand problem?

Answer 35

Transferring water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit.

Question 36

What is an example of a water transfer in the UK?

Answer 36

Birmingham is supplied with water from parts of Wales.

Question 37

True or False: The UK traditionally relied on renewable energy sources for its energy supply.

Answer 37

False ## Footnote The UK has traditionally relied on fossil fuels.

Question 38

What percentage of the UK's energy came from coal and oil in 1970?

Answer 38

91% ## Footnote This reflects the UK's heavy reliance on fossil fuels at that time.

Question 39

By what percentage did gas supply the UK's energy by 1980?

Answer 39

22% ## Footnote This was due to the discovery of large gas reserves under the North Sea.

Question 40

What is the biggest source of renewable energy in the UK?

Answer 40

Wind and bioenergy ## Footnote Solar and hydroelectric power usage has also increased.

Question 41

What is happening to North Sea oil and gas reserves?

Answer 41

They are being swiftly used up and production has been declining since 2000.

Question 42

What is fracking?

Answer 42

A process used to extract shale gas from underground.

Question 43

What economic issue is associated with extracting fossil fuels?

Answer 43

The cost of extraction increases as reserves are used up.

Question 44

What environmental issue is related to the burning of fossil fuels?

Answer 44

Releases CO2 and other greenhouse gases.

Question 45

What major accident can leak toxic chemicals into water sources?

Answer 45

Oil spills or nuclear disasters.

Question 46

What is one concern about renewable energy projects?

Answer 46

They can damage natural ecosystems.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The last deep coal mine in the UK closed in _______.

Answer 47

December 2015

Question 48

What is the estimated cost of the Birmingham Resilience Project?

Answer 48

About £300 million.